Clade Osteichthyans

Question 1

Osteichthyans

Answer 1

Bony fish and tetrapods (amphibians, avian and non-avian reptiles, and mammals)

Question 2

What is a fish?

Answer 2

A paraphyletic group of aquatic vertebrates that use gills for respiration

jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, and bony fish, and excludes tetrapods

Question 3

Osteichthyans Shared Derived Traits

Answer 3

1. Lungs or lung derivatives that maintain neutral bouancy of fish
2. Operculum: a plate of dermal bone that protects the gill arches and gills and ventilate gills when stationary
3. Maneuverable fins

Question 4

Characteristics of Extant Bony Fish

Answer 4

Fully ossified (bony) endoskeleton

Lateral line system

Reproduce via external fertilization

Question 5

Four Groups of Bony FIsh

Answer 5

1. Ray-finned (Actinopterygii)
2. Lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii)
3. Coelacanths
4. Lungish
5. Clade Tetrapods

Question 6

Actinopterygii

Answer 6

Clade Osteichythyans

Ray-finned fish with fins supported by elongated, flexible bony rays connects to basal bony elements

Includes 99% of bony fish species

Question 7

Sarcopterygii

Answer 7

Clade Osteichthyans

Lobe-finned fish with flashy, lobed fins, distinct from the ray-like fins and distinct fleshy, muscular pectoral and pelvic fins

Three surviving lineages are Coelacanths (living fossils), lungfish (gas exhange via gills and lungs and have two lungs), and tetrapods