What are the nine most common prefixes in Engineering Notation, in order (Largest to Smallest)?
Terra, Giga, Mega, Kilo, milli, micro, nano, pico, femto.
How many electrons are in 1 Coulomb?
1 C = 6.25*10^18 e.
What formula explains the relationship between the forces acting upon the electrons inside an atom?
F = k((Q1*Q2)/r^2). The centrifugal force of the electron orbiting the nucleus is equal to its pull towards the proton.
What is the Atomic Number?
The number of protons or electrons in an atom.
What is the Atomic Weight?
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
What is the relationship between the mass of a proton and that of an electron?
The mass of one proton is equal to the mass of 1820 electrons.
M(p) = 1820 M(e).
What are the most common conductive metals, in order from most to least conductive?
Silver, Copper, Aluminum, and Gold.
What is the formula for the number of electrons in each shell of an atom?
2(n^2). With n representing shell number.
What is the difference between the instantaneous and drift velocity of a molecule?
The instantaneous velocity is the speed the electron bounces around the conductive material, while the drift velocity is how fast the molecule moves toward the positive.
What are the instantaneous and drift velocities of an electron?
Instantaneous Velocity: ~10^6 m/s
Drift Velocity: ~0.5-1 m/s
What makes copper such a good conductor?
It has one electron in its valence shell, meaning there is overlap between the energy required for an electron to stay in the valence shell and the energy required for an electron to escape the valence shell.
How does an insulator work?
It creates a gap between the energy required for an electron to stay in the valence shell and the energy required for an electron to escape the valence shell.
What are the three most common semiconductors?
Carbon, Silicon, and Germanium.
What makes an element a semiconductor?
4 valence electrons.
How would intrinsic silicone behave at 0 degrees Kelvin?
Intrinsic silicone would behave as a perfect insulator at 0 degrees Kelvin.
What causes electron-hole pair production?
Increased temperature.
What does electron-hole pair production create in the semiconductor?
Electron current from negative to positive.
How does electron-hole pair production work?
As temperature increases, electrons gain enough energy to escape their covalent bonds, leaving a hole in the matrix that then attracts a different free electron due to its relative positive charge.
How do electrons and holes move in a semiconductor?
Electrons move from negative to positive, while holes move from positive to negative.
What carries current in a conductor?
Free electrons.
What carries current in a semiconductor?
Free electrons and electron holes.
What happens to the resistance if you increase the temperature of a conductor?
Resistance increases.
What happens to the resistance if you increase the temperature of a semiconductor?
Resistance decreases.
How do you make a semiconductor more conductive?
Add impurities.
