Class 2

Question 1

Freud’s Work

Answer 1

• is called “Psychoanalysis”
• Key Ideas
  • “Talking Cure” and Free association
  • Conflict Theory: Unconscious sexual (pleasure wishes or libidos energy) and aggressive (thanatos or death wish) wishes are repressed
    
    • agressive are destructive
    • these conflicts are going on within us constantly
  • Conversion: unacceptable wishes are converted into physical symptom
  • Role of trauma in etiology of symptoms
  • Later retracted, reframed as fantasy
  • Transference and Countertransference

Question 2

Freud’s Work

(Subsequent Case Studies)

Answer 2

• Anna O.
• Dora, Little Hans, Rat Man, Wolf Man
• Psychosexual Development (psychosexual theory based on these cases)
  
  • Infantile Sexuality, castration anxiety, Oedipus Complex
• Dreams: express unconscious fantasies

Question 3

Drive Theory

(basics)

Answer 3

• Psychosexual Stages
  
  • Development is shaped by 2 drives
    
    • Libido (i.e., sexual pleasure) and aggression (Thanatos)
  • Development is hierarchical, invariant, sequential
    
    • regression=returning to an earlier stage
    • Fixation=getting stuck at a stage

Question 4

Drive Theory

(Developmental Stages)

Answer 4

• Oral
  
  • birth–1.5 yrs
  • dependency or rage
• Anal
  
  • 1.5–3 yrs
  • fastidious or messiness
• Phallic
  
  • 3–5 yrs
  • Oedipus (Electra) Complex
  • Oedipal myth: The unknown is made known…Resolved through identification with same gender parent…Child internalizes parent in form of Superego
• Latency
  
  • 6–11 yrs
  • sublimation/focus on physical, social skills
• Genital
  
  • adolescence
  • maturity = genital, heterosexual expression

Question 5

Freud’s Topographical Theory:
A Map of the Mind

(picture)

Answer 5

• Practice drawing it without looking

Question 6

Freud’s Topographical Theory:
A Map of the Mind

(list components)

Answer 6

• Conscious
• Preconscious
• Unconscious

Question 7

Freud’s Topographical Theory:
A Map of the Mind

(Conscious)

Answer 7

• Visible (just tip of iceburg)
• Governed by reality
• Logical, rational

Question 8

Freud’s Topographical Theory:
A Map of the Mind

(Preconscious)

Answer 8

• At the waterline-just beyond conscious awareness
• Accessed via slips of the tongue
• unconscious slips out….and conscious is kinda aware…kinda not

Question 9

Freud’s Topographical Theory:
A Map of the Mind

(Unconscious)

Answer 9

• Hidden, the larger part of the mind
• Unruly, passionate
• Motivated by pleasure

Question 10

Freud’s Structural Theory of
the Mind

(list components)

Answer 10

• Id
• Ego
• Superego

Question 11

Structural Theory: Id

Answer 11

• “Das Es” or “It”
• Primal:
  
  • Sex and Aggression
• Self-gratification
• Does not like “no”
• Is not concerned with social convention

Question 12

Structural Theory: Ego

Answer 12

• “Ich” or “I”
• The Self
• Reality Principle
• Conscious
• Planful, problem-solving

Question 13

Structural Theory: Superego

Answer 13

• “Über Ich,” or “Above I”
• Tracks rewards and punishments
• Conscience: attends to warnings, negatives
• Ego Ideal: aims for standards of excellence
• Guilt

Question 14

Freudian Techniques

(list of techniques)

(goal)

Answer 14

• Techniques
  
  • Evenly Hovering Attention
    
    • constantly listening
  • Free association
    
    • bring patterns out
  • Dream analysis
  • Interpretation of Transference
• Goal
  
  • Unconscious becomes conscious (aka- “insight”)
  • Patient remains neurotic, but has insight into why

Question 15

Ego Psychology

(is about …)

(Theorists)

Answer 15

• Primacy of the Ego
• Focus on Childhood and Ego Development
  
  • Anna Freud (1895-1982)
  • Margaret Mahler (1897-1985)

Question 16

Ego Development

(functions and what they provide)

Answer 16

• Ego Functions
  
  1. Reality Testing (internal vs. external)
     
     • main function of ego (controlling superego and id)
  2. Judgment (“appropriate” behavior)
  3. Impulse control
  4. Modulating affect
  5. Object relations (stable sense of “other”)
  6. Self-esteem regulation
  7. Mastery (mastering stage-specific challenges)
• Provide:
  
  1. Mastery
  2. Coherence
  3. Continuity of the self
  4. Capacity to maintain relationships

Question 17

Ego Psychology: Defenses

Answer 17

• Defenses (Anna Freud, George Vaillant)
  
  • Protect the Ego from disruption due to
    
    • Conflict among Id, Ego, Superego
    • Conflict in one’s relationships
    • Conflict re: social norms and institutional rules
    • Response to trauma
  • System: Ego perceives anxiety, evaluates the danger activates defense(s)
  • Adaptive
    
    • All defenses are unconscious, and are activated unconsciously
    • Therapist needs to respect the unconscious
  • Defenses are hierarchical

Question 18

Hierarchy of Defenses:
Anna Freud (1936) and George Vaillant (1992)

(Psychotic aka narcissistic)

Answer 18

• Denial
• Projection

Question 19

Hierarchy of Defenses:
Anna Freud (1936) and George Vaillant (1992)

(Immature)

Answer 19

• Acting out
• Dissociation
• Regression

Question 20

Hierarchy of Defenses:
Anna Freud (1936) and George Vaillant (1992)

(Neurotic)

Answer 20

• Repression
• Reaction formation
• Displacement (e.g. in transference)
• Undoing (e.g. in OCD behaviors)

Question 21

Hierarchy of Defenses:
Anna Freud (1936) and George Vaillant (1992)

(Mature Defenses)

Answer 21

• Sublimation
• humor

Question 22

Ego Psychology

(Heinz Hartmann)

Answer 22

• Ego exists independently of Id
  
  • As opposed to Freud who believed Id gave birth to Ego and Superego was born to manage it all
• Fit between infant & caregiver can be “good enough”
  
  • If good fit=ego will be strong enough
• Ego adapts to the environment