Class-2 (MAX)

Question 1

What is a functional group (explain the example with fluorine (halo group)

Answer 1

It is a group in a molecule that gives it a function. For example, 5-fluorouacil has a fluorine (halo group). Without this group, the function of the molecule doesn’t work. Sometime this fluorine can be seen in other molecules such as Emtricitabine. It is not as important as other conditions like lipophilicity of the Emtricitabine molecule.

Question 2

Name the 3 characteristics of a functional group

Answer 2

1. Every atom in a drug molecule is part of a functional group

2.Some functional groups are more important than others in a drug class

3. Change a single atom, you have a new chemical entity

Question 3

Explain and name the properties of functional groups

Answer 3

1. Electronic effect-push and pull of electrons
   –»Resonance effect (functional group that has resonance)
   –»Inductive effect (Electron donating or withdrawing)
2. Solubility effect
   –»Water solubility: O,N and charges
   –»Lipid solubility: C, halogens
3. Steric effect
   –»How big is the functional group (fits in the receptor)

Question 4

Whats a metyl

Answer 4

R-C

Question 5

What’s an ethyl

Answer 5

R-C-C

Question 6

What’s a n-propyl

Answer 6

R-C-C-C

Question 7

What’s an i-propyl

Answer 7

Form:
C
/
R–C
\
C

Question 8

What’s an n-butyl

Answer 8

R-C-C-C-C

Question 9

What’s an i-butyl

Answer 9

R-C-C-C
|
C

Question 10

What’s a t-butyl

Answer 10

C C
|/
/\
R C

Question 11

Say the cycloalkanes from 3 to 6 carbons

Answer 11

3: Cyclorpopane
4: Cyclobutane
5: Cyclopentane
6: Cyclohexane

Question 12

Are the cycloalkanes are saturated or unsaturated and do these groups add water solubility or lipid solubility

Answer 12

saturated in hydrogen (*when alkenes–»less hydrogen so unsaturated

Lipid solubility

Question 13

Explain what is chirality

Answer 13

You have to find a Stereocenter R/S (biochem thing I think we know lol)

Question 14

Name the characteristics of an alkene

Answer 14

-Unsaturated
-Carbons part of a double bond ARE NOT CHIRAL
-Non conjugated double bonds
-Conjugated double bonds (electrons flows! resonance!)

Question 15

Define Alkene nomenclature (cis-trans)

Answer 15

If carbons on the same side: Z (cis)
If carbons opposite sides: E (trans)

Question 16

What is the name of an aromatic cycle

Answer 16

Benzene (pi electrons!!)

Question 17

What is a phenyl

Answer 17

R——Benzene

*Go see the diapo 13 to know ortho, meta and para

Question 18

What is a phenol and aniline

Answer 18

R—–Benzene—-OH

R—-Benzene—NH2

Question 19

Differenciate a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol

Answer 19

primary: R—OH

                      R
                       | secondary: R---C---OH

teritary:

   R
   |  R---C---OH
   |
   R

Question 20

Know ether, esters, aldehydes, amides, ketones and carboxylic acid (Biochem studying)

Answer 20

YEAH!!

Question 21

Describe the different amines

-Ammonia, primary, secondary, tertiary, Quaternary

Answer 21

Ammonia: NH3
Primary: N does one bond with C
Secondary: N does 2 bonds with C
Tertiary: N does 3 bonds with C
Quaternary: N does 4 bonds with C ( gains positive charge)