Class 5 - Infancy

Question 1

Why is infancy important when becoming a nurse? (5)

Answer 1

• Unparalleled growth in the first year
• physical changes within the brain
• adaptive and primitive reflexes
• Milestones!
• sensory skills

Question 2

resiliency and decolonization social structure slide

Answer 2

Question 3

What is attachment?

Answer 3

• The emotional tie to a parent experienced by an infant, from which a child derives security

Question 4

What is the attachment theory?

Answer 4

• the view that the ability and need to form an attachment relationship early in life and genetic characteristics of all human beings

Question 5

What are characteristics of the attachment theory? (3)

Answer 5

• Infants create internal models related to their relationships by age 5
• The majority of parents manage to respond to their infants in a way that foster the development of a close relationship
• It is important to look at both sides of the relationship equation

Question 6

What are three attachment behaviours?

Answer 6

• stranger anxiety
• separation anxiety
• social referencing

Question 7

What are the types of attachment? (2, 6)

Answer 7

1. Secure attachment
   - most common in every country
2. Insecure attachment
   - avoidant attachment
   - ambivalent attachment
   - disorganized/disoriented attachment

Question 8

What are the 5 factors influencing secure attachment?

Answer 8

1. Emotional Responsiveness - parallel teachings
2. Tactile responsiveness - parallel teachings
3. Contingent responsiveness - parallel teachings
4. Marital conflict
5. Mental health

Question 9

What are some characteristics of securely attached children? (4)

Answer 9

• more sociable, positive in behaviour to siblings and friends
• less clinging and dependent on teachers
• less aggressive and disruptive
• empathetic and emotionally mature in school and outside the home

Question 10

What does it look like when loss of attachment happens on a much broader scale? (3)

Answer 10

Around the world
- USA where children are being taken from their families when they cross the border, war ravaged countries
In the past
- During the Great Famine, orphans were sent to Canada, USA and Australia

large scale prevention measures are required

Question 11

How can we promote health in infancy? (4)

Answer 11

1. Immunizations
   - Vaccines help the immune system recognize and fight bacteria and viruses that cause diseases
2. Supporting breastfeeding
3. Second-hand smole
4. Safe sleep

Question 12

How often does the sleep cycle occur in infancy? What develops around 8 weeks?

Answer 12

• cycle repeats every 2 hours
• By 8 weeks, some develop day/night routine and can sleep up to 2-3 hours

Question 13

What develops at 6 months in terms of sleep?

Answer 13

= babies sleep about 13 hours and have defined sleep routines

Question 14

What are some conditions that may happen to infants in sleep? (3)

Answer 14

• central sleep apnea
• obstructive sleep apnea
• cultural beliefs can play a role r/t parents’ response to sleep patterns

Question 15

Colic is frequent, prolonged, and intense crying in infants. When does this appear and disappear? (2)

Answer 15

• typically appears at 2-3 weeks and disappears around 3-4 months
• important to reassure parents that this is normal and self-limiting with no long-term effects

Question 16

What is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Answer 16

• sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant under 1 years

Question 17

How can parents and caregivers provide a safe sleep environment to prevent SIDS? (6)

Answer 17

1. Placing baby on their back
2. Elimination quilts, duvets, pillows, soft toys, crib bumpers (only fitted sheet is recommended)
3. Avoid laying the baby on a soft surface
4. Have baby sleep in a crib or cot near the parent’s bed for the first 6 months
5. Avoid bedsharing or otherwise sleeping with the baby on the sofa, especially if parents smoke, are tired than usual, or have consumed alcohol or substances that promote fatigue
6. Providing a smoke free environment during pregnancy and post-birth

Question 18

Why does family play a role in sexuality in infants?

Answer 18

their attitude and behaviours
- more in later childhood