C factor
Bonded surfaces/unbonded surfaces
Internal stress from high C factor can be reduced by
Soft start polymerization
Incremental addition
Stress breaking liner (flowable)
Composite steps
Rubber dam Remove caries Remove unsupported Perp margins Restore
Hue
Chroma
Value
Hue: color
Chroma: saturation
Value: whiteness
Intensives
white spots of different shapes
ABCD
A:red-brown
B:red-yellow
C:grey
D:red-grey
Anatomy
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary:line angles
Secondary: facial
Tertiary: Surface texture