Define Biodiversity
has 3 levels
variation in ecosystems or habitats
the number of species and their relative abundance
genetic variation within each species
Define species
a group of similar organisms with the same morphological, physiological, biochemical feature
able to interbreed and produce a fertile offspring
Define ecosystem
it is a self sustaining unit
self contained/ defines area
community of organisms
many interactions occur between biotic and abiotic factors
all linked but food webs, energy flow in system, nutrient cycling
there is independence between organism and environment
Define niche
role of organism or how it fits in an ecosystem
including where it lives
how it obtains its energy
members of the same species occupy same niche
different species alter their use of the niche to avoid competition by dividing resources (Resource partitioning)
Pearson’s linear correlation
Between 0 and 1 (Positive correlation)
When one variable changes, the other variable changes in the same direction.
e.g
Baby length & weight:
The longer the baby, the heavier their weight.
0 No correlation
There is no relationship between the variables.
Between 0 and –1 (Negative correlation)
When one variable changes, the other variable changes in the opposite direction.
e.g.
Elevation & air pressure:
The higher the elevation, the lower the air pressure.
3 species concept
biological species: same species–> if they can interbeed and produce fertile offspring
[contex from the question]
morphological species: same or diffrent species–> physical appearance similarities and diffrenced
[contex from the question]
ecological species: same or diffrent species–> habitat and diet changing their niche
[contex from the question]
why spearman’s rank correlation better than pearson’s
The variables are ordinal.
The variables aren’t normally distributed.
The data includes outliers.
The relationship between the variables is non-linear and monotonic.
features of bacteria
No nucleus
Circular DNA with no histone proteins
Plasmids
No membrane bound organelles
70s ribosomes
Binary fission
Cell wall of polypeptidoglycon
Phospholipids bilayer
features of archae
No nucleus
Circular DNA with histones
Plasmids
No membrane bound organelles
70s ribosomes
Binary fission
Cell wall
Phospholipid monolayer
features of eukaryote
Nucleus
Linear DNA with histones
No plasmids
Membrane bound organelles
RER SER GA
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
70s ribosomes in chloroplast and mitochondria
80s in RER and cytoplasm
Mitosis
Cell wall
plants: cellulose
Fungi: chitin
Phospholipid bilayer
the heriarcy classification
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
features of Kingdom animalia
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Specialized cells
Forms tissues and organs
No chloroplast
heterotrophic
No cell wall
Small temporary vacuole
Cilia or flagella in some
features of kingdom plantae
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Special cells
Forms tissues and organs
Chloroplast
Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
Cellulose cell wall
Large permanent vacuole
cilia or flagella mostly absent
features of Kingdom fungi
Eukaryotic
Multicellular (mushrooms) or unicellular (yeast)
Does not form tissue or organs
No chloroplast
heterotrophic
Chitin cell wall
no cillia or flagella
features of Kingdom protoctista
Eukaryotic
Mostly unicellular
Does not form tissues or organs
Some chloroplast
Autotrophic (those with chloroplast)
Heterotrophic (those without chloroplast)
some have cell wall
some have cillia or flagella
role of international union for conservation of nature (IUCN)
authorized advisor to legally protect species and habitats
create awarness and promote sustainible managment of resouces
caategrize the endangered species, extinction rate, Red list and possible threat levels
systematic sampling- belt transect
place the quadrants are regular intevals througout the feild and
systematic sampling- line transcet
place a life from the start to the edge of the measured feild and note down the number of species at specific intervals on the measuring tape
