Classification

Question 1

Define species

Answer 1

A group of similar organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring

Question 2

How are species named

Answer 2

• generic name (genus)

- specific name (species)

Question 3

What does courtship behaviour enable

Answer 3

• individuals can recognise members of their own species (to ensure fertile offspring)
• identify a mate that is capable of breeding (to ensure partner is sexually mature and fertile)
• form a bonding pair (ensure mating and successful raising)
• synchronise mating (maximum probability of fertilisation)

Question 4

Name the two forms of classification

Answer 4

• artificial classification

- phylogenetic classification

Question 5

What is artificial classification

Answer 5

Divides organisms according to differences that are useful at the time

Question 6

What is phylogenetic classification

Answer 6

• is based upon evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors
• classifies species into groups using shared features derived from their ancestors
• arranges the groups into hierarchy in which groups are contained within larger composite groups with no overlap

Question 7

Give an example of artificial classification

Answer 7

Dividing organisms into colour, size, number of legs

Question 8

What is a taxon

Answer 8

A group within a phylogenetic biological classification

Question 9

What are the 3 different domains

Answer 9

• bacteria
• archaea
• eukarya

Question 10

What features do bacteria have

Answer 10

• the absence of membrane-bound organelles
• unicellular
• ribosomes are smaller 70s
• cell walls present made of murein
• single loop of DNA

Question 11

What features do Archaea have

Answer 11

• their genes and protein synthesis are more similar to eukaryotes
• their membranes contain fatty chains attached to glycerol by ether linkages
• no murein in cell walls
• more complex form of RNA polymerase

Question 12

What features do Eukarya have

Answer 12

• their cells possess membrane bound-organelles
• they have membranes containing fatty acid chains attracted to glycerol by ester linkages
• ribosomes are larger 80s

Question 13

What are the 4 kingdoms

Answer 13

• Protoctista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

Question 14

Name the ranks of the classification system

Answer 14

• kingdom
• phylum
• class
• order
• family
• genus
• species