Classification and Morphology

Question 1

Bacteria characteristics

Answer 1

• 1 circular chromosomes
• plasmids
• ester- linked phospholipids and hopanoids
• submicroscopic one protein fiber flagella
• peptidoglycan
• 70S ribosome
• gas vesicles

Question 2

Archaea characteristics

Answer 2

• some histones
• 1 circular chromosome
• plasmids
• glycerol diethers
• submicroscopic multiple protein flagella
• 70S ribosome
• gas vesicles

Question 3

Eukarya characteristics

Answer 3

• membrane-bound nucleus
• histones
• multiple, linear chromosomes
• introns
• nucleolus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ER, golgi
• ester-linked phospholipids and sterols
• microscopic, membrane-bound flagella
• 80S ribosome
• lysosome, cytoskeleton
• mitosis and meiosis

Question 4

Epidemiology

Answer 4

who/what it infects

Question 5

Physiology

Answer 5

chemical reactions in the organism

Question 6

Natural Classification

Answer 6

• organisms that share similar traits
• better for plants and animals

Question 7

Polyphasic taxonomy

Answer 7

classify microbes by phenetics, phylogenetics and genotype

Question 8

Phenetic

Answer 8

phenotype (morphology, physiology)

Question 9

Phylogenetic

Answer 9

compare evolutionary relationships by using the ribosomal gene structure.
- 18S rRNA for eukaryotes
- 16S rRNA for prokaryotes

Question 10

Genotypic

Answer 10

compare genetic similarity of single genes or whole genome.
70% homology = similarity

Question 11

Type strain

Answer 11

-first strain of the species with distinguishing characteristics
- all other strains in the species compared to this one

Question 12

Biovars

Answer 12

strains that differ on basis of biochemistry and physiology

Question 13

Morphovars

Answer 13

strains that differ in morphology

Question 14

Morphological characteristics

Answer 14

• cell shape and size: stained bacterial smear, light microscope
• ultrastructural characteristics: TEM
• colonial morphology and colour
• staining behaviour
• cilia and flagella
• motility: gliding bacteria, spriochetes
• endospore shape and location
• spore morphology and location
• cellular inclusions