biology. > classification + evolution. > Flashcards

classification + evolution. Flashcards

(22 cards)

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1
Q

Define taxonomy.

A

Practice of biological classification.

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2
Q

What is the order of classification?

A

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

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3
Q

What are binomials?

A

Scientific names given to individual species.

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4
Q

How do you write a binomial?

A

Organism’s genus and species, lowercase species.

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5
Q

Why are binomials useful?

A

Universally identified

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6
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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7
Q

What is the archaea domain?

A

Extremophile prokaryotes. No nucleus, similar size as bacteria.

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8
Q

What are bacteria domain?

A

Prokaryotic cells with no nucleus. Divide by binary fission.

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9
Q

What is eukarya domain?

A

Have eukaryotic cells with nuclei and membrane-bound organelles. Divide by mitosis and can reproduce sexually or asexually.

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10
Q

What are the differences between archaea and bacteria?

A

Archaea membrane lipids are unique, base sequence of ribosomal RNA in archaea is more similar to rRNA of eukarya, bacteria cell walls are made of peptidoglycan whereas archaea are not.

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11
Q

What are the five kingdoms?

A

Prokaryota, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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12
Q

What is prokaryota?

A

Unicellular, have cell walls and cytoplasm but no nucleus, divide by binary fission.

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13
Q

What is protoctista?

A

Eukaryotic, single-celled organisms as a group of similar cells.

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14
Q

What is kingdom fungi?

A

Eukaryotic, non-cellulose cell walls. Heterotrophs - digest dead/decaying matter from being parasites. Reproduce using spores

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15
Q

What is kingdom plantae?

A

Multicellular eukaryotic. Have cellulose cell walls and vacuoles and chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Autotrophs and have complex body forms.

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16
Q

What is kingdom animalia?

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A

Multicellular eukaryotic. Can differentiate into many different specialised cell types, have no cell walls and small temporary vacuoles. Heterotrophs - have a wide range of feeding mechanisms. Communication occurs in the nervous system by chemical signalling.

17
Q

What is phylogeny?

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A

The evolutionary history of organisms.

18
Q

What are two pieces of evidence for theory of evolution by natural selection?

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A

Fossil evidence, molecular evidence

19
Q

What is intraspecific variation?

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A

Populations of same species that show variation in characteristics between individuals.

20
Q

What is interspecific variation?

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A

Differences in characteristics between species.

21
Q

What is continuous variation?

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A

Variation that shows a range of values.

22
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

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A

Differences that fall into distinguishable categories.

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