What are the characteristics of the Kingdom Plantae?
- multicellular or unicellular
- autotrophic (make their own food)
- have cell walls
- use chlorophyll to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
What are the 4 Phlya of the Kingdom Plantae?
Beck - Byrophyta
Found - Filicinophyta
Carl’s - Coniferophyta
Acorn - Angiospermophyta
The Phylum Bryophyta and its characteristics
- includes moss and liverworts
- they live on land but in wet areas because the male gametes have to swim to fertilize the female gametes
Characteristics:
- single celled rootlets
- simple stems and leaves
- no xylem or phloem
- reproduce by means of spores
The Phylum Filicinophyta and its characteristics
- includes ferns
- similar to byrophytes as they need water for fertilization
- they have a xylem and a phloem which allows them to live in slightly drier conditions than byrophytes
Characteristics:
- have a xylem and phloem
- have roots, stems and leaves
- reproduce by means of spores which grow on the underside of the leaves
What are Seed Plants and the two types?
- seed plants reproduce by seeds
- the male gametes are taken to the female gametes through pollination by means of wind, birds or insects
- because the male gametes do not need to swim for fertilization, seed plants live in dry places
Two types of Seed Plants are:
1) the Phylum Coniferophyta
2) the Phylum Angiospermophyta
The Phylum Coniferophyta and its Characteristics
- conifers are a source of timber and paper pulp
- the seeds grow inside the cones
- they do no have any real flowers
Characteristics:
- have a xylem and phloem
- reproduce by seeds, seeds grow inside the cones
- have leaves, stems and roots
The Phylum Angiospermophyta and its characteristics
- these are flowering plants with actual flowers
- ovaries are inside the plant which develop into fruits after fertilization
- seeds also grow and develop inside the fruit
Characteristics:
- have a xylem and phloem
- have roots, stems and leaves
- reproduce by seeds, seeds are inside the ovaries inside the plant
What are the two types of Angiosperms?
Monocotyledons
- have narrow leaves with a parallel venation
- seeds have an embryo with one cotyledon
eg: sugarcane and grass
Dicotyledons
- have broad leaves with a reticulate venation
- seeds have an embryo with two cotyledons
eg: hibiscus
