Cleft Lip

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Primary palate forms during 4-7 weeks utero and secondary palate forms 6-9 weeks in utero

Diagnosis
18-21 weeks of pregnancy

Question 2

Classification

Answer 2

-unilateral/ bilateral
-complete/incomplete
-cleft palate/cleft lip and palate

Cleft lip and palate is more common in boys, cleft palate alone is common in girls

Question 3

Submucous cleft palate

Answer 3

Nasal sounding speech

Question 4

Aetiology

Answer 4

Environmental factors
-maternal smoking
-Alcohol
-Obesity
-Folic acid deficiency
-Anti-seizure drugs

Genetic
-di George syndrome
-velocardiofacial syndrome
-pierre robin sequence

Question 5

Common malocclusion in cleft lip

Answer 5

Class III, the surgical repair of the palate will result is scar formation which will result in maxillary hypoplasia

Question 6

Problems related to Cleft lip and palate

Answer 6

1. Feeding problems : because there is no separate between the nasal and the oral cavity + those babies cannot form and anterior oral seal
2. Hearing problems: CL/P infants are more prone to otitis media [ ear infections] + build up of fluids in their ears [ glued ear] which will affect their hearing
3. Dental problems: higher risk of tooth decay and anomalies
4. Speech problems : if CL/p is not repaired → unclear , nasal
   sounding speech
5. Facial growth : maxillary hypoplasia [ due to scar formation after the surgical repair of the maxilla] + mand prognathism [ leads to class III malocclusion]
6. Emotional / psychological problems