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Climate Change Flashcards

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1
Q

Write a Definition of Climate Change?

A
  • Climate Change is any Significant Change in the Earth Climate Over a Long Peroid.
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2
Q

Write a Definition of Global Warming?

A
  • Global Warming Describes the sharp rise in global temperatures over the last century.
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3
Q

How old do Geologist Think Planet Earth is?

A
  • 4.6 Billion Years ago.
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4
Q

When Was the Last Ice Age?

A
  • 10,000 Years Ago
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5
Q

What is The current Time Period and How old is It?

A
  • The Current Time Period is the Quaternary Time Period.
  • The Quetery Time Period is 2.6 Million Years ago.
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6
Q

Write a Definition of Glacial?

A
  • Glacial is a Ice Age.
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7
Q

What does Glaciers Advance Mean?

A
  • Glaciers Advance Means That Glaciers Grow South from the North Pole.
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8
Q

Write a Definition of Retreat?

A
  • Retreat Means that Glaciers Melt and Return toward The Poles.
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9
Q

Write a Definition of Interglacial?

A
  • Interglacial is a Warm Period between Ice Ages.
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10
Q

What Happened to Temperatures 5.5 Million Years Ago?

A
  • The Temperature Were Warmer than Today.
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11
Q

What Happened to Temperatures 2.6 Million Years Ago?

A
  • Temperatures Cooled and Then Enterded 100,000 Year Ice Age Cycle.
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12
Q

What Happened to Temperatures Over 420,000 Years Ago?

A
  • Temperature Fluctuated in 100,000 Year Cycle.
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13
Q

What’s The Acrimony To Remember the 6 Pieces of Evidence for Climate Change?

A
  • S - Sea Ice Melting.
  • P - Painting.
  • S - Satellite and Water Data.
  • I - Ice Cores.
  • S - Sediment Cores.
  • T - Tree Rings.
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14
Q

Write a Definition of Instrumental Data and give 3 examples of Instrumental data?

A
  • Instrumental Data Is data measured in real time using scientific instruments.
  • For Example: Themetors,Satellite based radiometre, and Ice Caps.
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15
Q

Write a Definition of Proxy?

A
  • Proxy Means A Approximate Estimate.
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16
Q

What Are Ice Cores/Sheets Made up and How do They form and what do scientist do?

A
  • Ice Cores/sheets are made up of a layer of ice.
  • 1 layer of ice is formed each year.
  • Scientist Then Drill into ice sheets to get long cores of ice.
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17
Q

How do Ice Cores show us evidence for climate change?

A
  • Gases from the atmosphere Trap into these layers of ice and scientist can tell what was the temperate.
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18
Q

What happens to the tree rings when tress grow?

A
  • The Trees that grow more and more each year form a new ring.
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19
Q

Tress get thicker in (________) and (________) Conditions.

A

warm and wet

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20
Q

How do Tree rings Show us Evidence for climate change?

A
  • Scientists take tree cores to count the rings to find the age of the tree.
  • The thickness shows how what climate was like.
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21
Q

Pollen from (______________) Get Preserved In (_____________)

A
  • Plants and Sediment
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22
Q

Write a Definition of Marine Sediment Cores?

A
  • Marine Sediment Cores is A Cylinder Of Ocean Sediments Removed from The Ocean Floor.
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23
Q

What can Sediment cores shows Scientist?

A
  • Sediment Cores can Show the date that pollen was preserved in sediments.
  • This can show what creatures were alive at that time.
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24
Q

Write a Definition of Milankovitch cycles and Who Discovered Them?

A
  • Milankovitch Cycles are Cyclical Variations in the Earth’s orbit around the sun.
  • The Serbian Geophysicist Milutin Milankovitch.
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25
Why is Ice Important to the Earth climate?
- when Sunlight hits the ground its absorbed. - But ice is white and the color white reflects sunlight. - But ice only forms in cold Conditions.
26
Why is the northern hemisphere so important for regulating earths climate?
- There is More Land in the North pole Compared to the South Pole. - Land Freezes more quickly than water so ice freezes on land more easily.
27
Name 3 Natural Causes of Climate Change?
- 1) Milankovitch Cycle. -2) Volcanic activity. - 3) Sunspots.
28
Name the 3 Parts of Milankovitch Cycles
- 1) Eccentricity. - 2) Obliquity (Tilt). - 3) Orbital Precession.
29
Write a Definition of Eccentricity?
- Eccentricity is The Changing of The Orbit of Earth Around the Sun from a Circular shape of ellipses.
30
How Does the Earth's Orbit affects its climate?
- The Earth's Orbit Goes from being circular to oval (elipse) During January earth receives 6% more sunlight.
31
How long is the orbit cycle?
- 100,000 Year Cycle.
32
How much is the Earth Tilted?
- 23.5°
33
How does the Earth tilt affect its Climate?
-The More Earth Tilts the More sunlight is received in summer. - Which Means more ice Melts and less light is reflected and creates a warmer earth.
34
How Long is The Tilt Cycle?
- 41,000 Year Cycle.
35
Write a Definition of Precession?
- Precession is the wobbles of the earth's axis.
36
How Does the Earth's Wobbles Affects Its Climate?
- The Wobble Dictates Which Direction the Northern Hemispheres is forcing in January.
37
How Long is The Wobble Cycle?
- 20,000 Year Cycle
38
Write a Definition of Sunspots and How Long is the sunspot cycle?
- A Sunspot is a Dark spot on the Sun. - The Sunspot cycle is 11 years cycle.
39
What do Sunspots Cause?
- Sunspots Cause Temperature Change on Earth.
40
What Do Volcanoes release and how can it affect the earth's climate?
- Volcanoes release gas and ash. - that gas and ash act as a cooling effect on the earth temperature.
41
Write a Definition of Volcanic Winter?
- A volcanic winter is a significant and prolonged cooling of Earth's climate caused by large-scale volcanic eruptions
42
Name 2 Ways Volcanic Eruption Cause Volcanic Winter?
- 1) Large Amounts of Volcanic Ash can stay in the atmosphere to block the sun. - 2) Volcano Eruptions can emit sulfurous gas.
43
Write a Definition of The greenhouse Effect?
- The greenhouse Effect is a Natural Process where Greenhouse gases trap the energy from the sun inside the earth's atmosphere.
44
Name 4 Gases That mainly Trap Inside the Atmosphere and why is it called the greenhouse effect?
- Carbon Dioxide,Methane,Water Vapour and Nitrous Oxide Mainly Trap inside the Atmosphere. - It Called the Greenhouse effect because in a Greenhouse The sun shines through the glass which heats up the air inside and then heat is then trapped in the greenhouse.
45
Write a Definition of Enhanced greenhouse Effect?
- Enhanced Greenhouse Effect is a Natural Process Where the earth's surface is heated by the greenhouse effect at a higher rate due to increased greenhouse gas emission from human activities.
46
List the 6 Steps of How the Greenhouse Effect Works?
- 1) The sun's Radiation Travels towards the earth. - 2) About half of it is reflected or Absorbed by clouds in the atmosphere. - 3) The rest then reaches the earth Where its absorbed by oceans and land. - 4) The earth then releases heat back into space. - 5) Some of this Heat Passes directly Through the atmosphere. - 6) But most of it is captured and retained by greenhouse gases
47
Name 4 Human Causes of Climate Change?
- 1) Industry. - 2) Agriculture. - 3) Deforestation. - 4) Cement Production
48
How does Industry affect Climate Change?
- Factories burn fossils fuels Which contribute to the greenhouse effect.
49
How Does Agriculture Affect Climate Change?
- Cows Fart and Release Methane Which can Contribute to the greenhouse effect.
50
How does Deforestation affect Climate Change?
- Plants Remove CO2 From the Atmosphere so when they are cut down They stop taking CO2.
51
How does Cement Production affect Climate Change?
- Cement is Made from Limestone Which Release CO2 Into the Atmosphere.
52
What's The Acronym to remember the 4 Global Impact of Climate Change?
- H - Health - O - Oceans - W - Water - F -Food
53
How does Food Lead to global impacts of climate change?
- In Some Areas increased flooding will destroy crops and in other areas increased droughts will prevent crops from growing.
54
How does Health Lead to global impacts of climate change?
- Diseases Spread more easily because of mosquitos ( Malaria ) this is because of ideal temperature just right for mosquitoes.
55
How does Oceans Lead to global impacts of climate change?
- When ice in antarctica melts sea levels rise.
56
How does Water Lead to global impacts of climate change?
Precipitation Rain and Snow will increase meaning more freshwater is avialble.
57
Write a Definition of Mitigation and Adaptation?
- Mitigation is Reducing the Causes of Climate Change. - Adaptation is Responding to climate change by coming up with ways to live and cope with the effects
58
Give 3 Examples of Adaptation and 4 Examples Of Mitigation?
- Adaption: Reducing risk from rising sea levels,Managing Water supply and Change in agriculture systems. - Mitigation: Carbon Captur,planting trees,international agreements and aleter energy production.
59
Write a Description of Carbon Capture and where will it be trapped?
- Carbon capture refers to the process of capturing (CO₂) emissions from industrial processes, power plants, or from the atmosphere to prevent their release into the environment. - The CO2 Emissions will be trapped Underground
60
Write 1 Pro and 1 Con of Carbon Capture?
- Pro: 90% Of carbon can be captured. - Con: The carbon may leak into the ground.
61
Write a Description of Managing water supply and give 1 Pro and 1 Con?
- Using water is an area that will need to change as summers et drier and water shortages are more common. - Pro: Reduces the Demand for water. - Con: it Uses lots of Enrgy.
62
Write a Description of Alternative energy production and give 1 Pro and 1 Con?
- We need more energy as countries develop using renewable energy is better for the environment. - Pro:Produces Jobs in solar and wind production. - Con:It Needs lots of sunlight and wind.
63
Write a Description of Change in agriculture system and Write 1 Con?
- Agriculture is a big business that depends on reliant climate for growth of crops. - Con: In LICs Irrigation cost can be expensive.
64
Write a Description of Planting Trees and write 1 Pro and 1 Con?
- Removal Trees by Deforestation is Happening In NEEs and LICs. - Pro: Restores increase biodiversity. - Con: Cost of Buying land to plant trres.
65
Write a Description of Reducing rise of sea level And give 1 pro and 1 Con?
- Thames Barrier aims to protect london against sea level rise. - Pro: Reduce the cost of sea level rise. - Con:Not stopping the issue.
66
Write a Descriptions International Agreements and give 1 pro and 1 con?
- International is Where more than 1 country aims to fight climate change. - Pro: Large scale and Large impact. - Con: Getting countries to agree is hard.
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