Clin Path Lab Final > Clin Path Lab Final > Flashcards

Clin Path Lab Final Flashcards

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1
Q

what is this ??

A

Ecchinocytes

  • EVENLY short spicules

can be caused by

  1. Crenation Artifact ( slow drying)
  2. In vivo formation ( e. imbalance, kidney disease, rattlesnack envenom)
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2
Q

What is this

A

Schistocytes

Fragmented RBCs

-formed from: Intravascular trauma ( DIC, Vascular tumors) and Iron Deficieny

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3
Q

What is this ??

A

Keratocyte

” Purse Cells”

  • spicules formed by open blisters
  • Seen with: Iron Deficieny ( dog and cat)
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4
Q

What is this ?

A

Spherocyte

” Beach Ball”

  • NO CENTRAL PALOR
  • seen with IMHA
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5
Q

What is this ?

A

Eccentrocytes

Hg unilateral- clear zone on 1 side

-seen with: Oxidative damage, Onion Injestions

** can be seen with Heinz Bodies

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6
Q

What is this? What stain is used?

A

Heinz bodies

  • Wrights stain
  • Via Oxidative Denaturation of Hg
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7
Q

What is this ?

What stain is used ?

A

Heinz Body

  • New methylene blue stain
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8
Q

What is this? When is it normal ?

A

Basophilic Stippling

  • normal aggregation of ribosomes
  • normal in ruminants
  • in cats & dogs= regenerative anemia and consider lead poisoning
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9
Q

What is this ?

A

Howell Jolly Bodies

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10
Q

What is the agent ??

A

Mycoplasma haemofelis

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11
Q

In a dog: what is this agent ?

A

Mycoplasma Haemocanis

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12
Q

What is the agent ??

A

Cytauxzoon felis

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13
Q

in a dog- what is this agent ?

A

Babesia canis

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14
Q

In a dog- what is this ??

A

Babesia gibsoni

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15
Q

In a cow- what is this agent

A

Mycoplasma wenyoni

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16
Q

What is this agent ??

A

Anaplasma marginale

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17
Q

What is this cell ?

A

Mesothelial cell

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18
Q

What cell is this ?

A

Acanthocyte

  • UNEVENLY spaced projections ( change in lipid in RBCs)
  • cats= hepatic lipidosis
  • dogs= hemangiosarcoma
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19
Q

What is this cell called ?

A

Schistocytes

  • fragmented RBCs
  • Intravascular trauma(DIC, vascular tumors) and Iron Deficency
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20
Q

Sensitivity of PCR for Lymphoma is 91%, what does

this mean ??

A

tests rules OUT a disease (“ SNOUT”)

= 91% of (+) animals will come up (+)

BUT the other 9% thats listed as neg might be false neg

* looking at how much of the % could be a false (-)

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21
Q

A highly specific disease

A

when its highly specific, a (+) means its most likely (+)

-Helps rule in a disease ( SPIN IT IN)

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22
Q

Tell me about this tube

A

” Red” - NO anticoagulant

  • blood is expected to clot = serum used( serum not have clotting factors)
  • serum used for biochemical profile and many others
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23
Q

Tell me anout this tube

A

” Red/Black”= “ Tiger-top”” Marble Top”- Serum Separator

-gel promotes blood clot formation & separtes cells from serum

USED FOR:

  • chem analysis
  • serology
  • NOT for drug levels, hormones or toxin analysis
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24
Q

Tell me about this

A
  • Lavender/purple = EDTA
  • EDTA with a K+ salt
  • Anticoag, Ca+ chelator = prevents plts from having a surface to

bind up cause uses up Ca+

  • Preserves cell morphology
  • USED FOR:
  • CBC
  • Fibrinogen
  • Reticulocyte count
  • Buffy coat analysis
  • Fluid analysis
  • coombs test
  • PCR
  • Endogenous ACTH
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25
What about this tube
Green- Heparin - heparin is an anticoagulant, inhibits thrombin - contains fibrinogen = IF LOOKING AT FIBRINOGEN DO NOT USE \* USED FOR: - Chem panel - avain/reptile CBC & chem panel - COPS - measure electrolytes
26
What is this tube used for ?
Blue- Citrate -Anticoagulant, Ca+ chelator USED FOR: - Coagulation tests ( PT, aPTT, FDP) - PIVKA ( potassium test) - Antithrombin - coag factors - Von. Will. Factor
27
What about this tube ?
Gray- Sodium Fluoride Oxalate - Anticoagulant, Ca+ chelator - inhibits glucose metabolis= fluoride inhibits glycolysis USED FOR: -plasma for serial glucose, lactate & pyruvate
28
Tell me whats up with all the plasma appearance here
N: normal H: (red) Severely hemolyzed h: (pink) mildly hemolyzed Y: (yellow) icteris in dog & cat// normal in horse and cow W: (white) lipemic
29
What is this ?
Granulocytic Leukemia ( Neutrophilic)
30
What is this? what are the red arrows pointing to ?
Granulocytic Leukemia - red arrows: nucleoli
31
What do you think about this ??
Megakaryoblastic Leukemia
32
What is this showing ?
Increased Basophilia and Dohle Bodies = toxic neutrophils
33
What is this? Whats the arrow pointing to ?
INcreased basophilia dohle bodies =toxic neutrophils
34
What is this ? Whats meaning ?
Neutrophil Hypersegmentation - relatively unimportant finding
35
Whats going on here ??
Neutrophil Degeneration -neutrophils not in circulation ( usually doing their job)
36
If an animal comes with progessive neuro signs and see lymphocytes like this what would you think ??
= Lysosomal storage disorder
37
Whats this cell and whats it making ?
Megakaryocyte making platlets
38
What are these ??
Plasma cells
39
What is this ??
Mott cells
40
What about this
Mast cells
41
What is this
Histoplasma capsulatum
42
What is this ?
Coccidioides immitis
43
What is this and what does it mean ?
Mesothelial cells - all body cavities are lined by 1 layer of methelium cells - the cells undergo rapid dividing=meet many of the criteria of malignancy =hard to ID mesothelial cell vs neoplastic epi cells - sometimes layer become thickened and cells shed off
44
what cells are these?
" Bearded" Mesothelial cells that have just divided - only 10% of them will look like this, but when they do its helpful for diagnosis
45
What about these? What stain ?
Mesothelial cells -new methylene blue
46
Took an aspirate from body cavity - what are you thinking ?
sheet of Mesothelial cells -normal thing to be seen when going through a mesothelial surface
47
What about this ?? ( red arrow)
This is a reactive mesothelial cells = impossible to tell from a neoplastic cell \*\*
48
Whats going on with these cells ?? Makes you think what ?
These are degenerated neutrophils with bact in them -thinking they are cleaning up some type of suppurative inflammation
49
What is this ?
Bile pigment
50
Whats this ??
Carcinoma cells ( bi-nucleate)
51
What ya think about this?
Carcinoma cells
52
What is this showing
Nuclear streaming ( broken cell)
53
What is this/ where does it come from ??
Contamination from our gloves \*\*
54
What is this?? What does it mean ??
Stain sediment ( what happens when we dont change out the stain often enough)
55
What is all this purple stuff ??
Ultra sound gel
56
What is this ??
Cryptococcus neoformans
57
What is this agent ??
Aspergillus
58
What is this ??
Malassezia
59
What is the arrow pointing to ??
Hematoidin crystal - a RBC breakdown product
60
What is this ??
A mott cell- " Russel Body" ( a constipated plasma cell)
61
Urine Sample= What is this ?
Squamous Epithelial cells - largest, thin, transparent, angular/folded - seen in free catch and rarely pathogenic \* could be seen with sertoli cell tumors \*\*
62
What is this ?
Squamous Epithelial cells - largest, thin, transparent, angular/folded - seen in free catch and rarely pathogenic \* could be seen with sertoli cell tumors \*\*
63
What about this woman
Squamous Epithelial cells - largest, thin, transparent, angular/folded - seen in free catch and rarely pathogenic \* could be seen with sertoli cell tumors \*\*
64
What about these cells in the urine ?
- caudate cells ( cone shaped) - seen with pyelonephritis
65
Cells in urine - what are they ??
Renal Tubular Epi cells -seen with renal tubular injury ( infectious, toxic & ischemic )
66
Name each of these epitheial cells found in the urine
Top= Squamous Middle= Transitional Bottom- Renal
67
This is found in the urine- what is it ? what does it mean ?
Capillaria plica ova -incidental finding
68
What are these in the urine ? What causes them ?
Struvite crystals " Triple phosphate " " Magnesium ammonium phosphate" - can be found in clinical normal animals - likes to form in alkaline pH
69
What be this in the urine? what does it MEAANNNNN
Struvite crystals " Triple phosphate " " Magnesium ammonium phosphate" - can be found in clinical normal animals - likes to form in alkaline pH
70
This is in the urine- what be this gypsy ?
Bilirubin - orange/copper granules - dogs= low number in highly concentrated urine is NORMAL - ABNORMAL IN ALL OTHER SPECIES\*\*( worried about icterus)
71
What about this gypsy ?
Bilirubin - orange/copper granules - dogs= low number in highly concentrated urine is NORMAL - ABNORMAL IN ALL OTHER SPECIES\*\*( worried about icterus)
72
What is this thingy that was found in the peee
Calcium Carbonate - NORMAL in horses, rabbits, g-pigs & goats - NOT seen in dogs and cats
73
What about this in the peeee
Calcium Carbonate - NORMAL in horses, rabbits, g-pigs & goats - NOT seen in dogs and cats
74
What about this sediment thingy in the urine ??
Amorphous -NO clinical significane \*
75
What about this thing that was found in the urine ?
Calcium oxalate dihydrate - NORMAL in domestic animals - storage atrifact \*\* think there is a problem if its fresh sample and animal is sick \*
76
And this thing in the pee
Calcium oxalate dihydrate - NORMAL in domestic animals - storage atrifact \*\* think there is a problem if its fresh sample and animal is sick \*
77
WHat if you find this in the pee?
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate - can be seen in healthy animals ( esp horses) - can be seen with \* ETHYLENE GLYCOL TOXICOSIS
78
What about this in the pee
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate - can be seen in healthy animals ( esp horses) - can be seen with \* ETHYLENE GLYCOL TOXICOSIS
79
What is this stuff in the urine ?
Ammonium Buurate (urate) - " Thorn Apples" - likes to form in acidic urine - normal finding in dalmations, english bulldogs - suggest liver disease ( seen with low BUN and high NH3) & port. shunts
80
What is this found in the urine
Ammonium Buurate (urate) - " Thorn Apples" - likes to form in acidic urine - normal finding in dalmations, english bulldogs - suggest liver disease ( seen with low BUN and high NH3) & port. shunts
81
WHAT about This in the PEeE
Hyaline Cast -indicates proteinuria of renal or extra-renal dz = glomerular disease/ bence jones proteinuria
82
What you think about this in the pee?
Epithelial casts and fatty casts - ACTIVE tubular degeneration /necrosis - renal ischemia/toxic nephrosis
83
What about this thingy found in the pee
Waxy casts - RARE - see them if there is a problem - associated with CRF
84
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