Describe what clinical psychology is and the role of clinical psychologists
An applied branch of psychology that uses theory and evidence based research to inform practice.
Understanding, diagnosing, and treating mental health problems.
Define psychological disorder…
Clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, usually associated with distress or impairment in important areas of functioning.
Diagnosis and classification
DSM-5 and ICD-10 used for diagnosis.
Example (Depression): 5+ symptoms for 2 weeks, distress caused, not due to substances or medical condition.
Helps guide treatment but may over-diagnose.
Pros of Diagnosis
Validates experiences.
Guides treatment.
Improves professional communication.
Enables access to support.
Biological Model
Mental illness from brain or body issues.
Low serotonin → depression; high dopamine → psychosis.
Brain structure changes linked to disorders.
Genetic risk shown in twin studies.
Cons of Diagnosis
Causes stigma and labelling.
Risk of misdiagnosis.
Overlooks social causes.
Not always culturally fair.
Psychological Models
Psychodynamic: unconscious conflict.
Behavioural: learned behaviours.
Cognitive: negative thinking patterns.
Humanistic: blocked personal growth.
Social/Environmental Factors
Poverty, trauma, discrimination, and stress affect mental health.
ACEs increase risk.
Social context shapes well-being.
Cultural & Indigenous Views
Health = balance of body, mind, spirit, and community.
Culture and connection are key to well-being.
Integrative Models
Diathesis–Stress: vulnerability + stress = disorder.
Biopsychosocial: mix of biological, psychological, and social factors.
