cloning

Question 1

what is plant cloning by vegetative propagation?

Answer 1

The artifical production of natural clones, for use in horiculture and agriculture.

Question 2

why can plants more readily asexually reproduce than animals

Answer 2

many parts of the plant, contain cells, that retain the ability to divide and differentiate into a range of types of cells.

Question 3

where do you cut? (for cutting)

Answer 3

• cut stem, between two nodes

Question 4

what do you do with cutting?

Answer 4

place in moist soil

Question 5

name one species that will root easily

Answer 5

blackberry.

Question 6

what do you do if it does not root easily?

Answer 6

dye in rooting hormone

Question 7

where else can you take cutting from?

Answer 7

root, scion, leaf

Question 8

what are the drawbacks of cutting?

Answer 8

time consuming take up space into all plants respond well to it only a certain number of cutting, can made per plants.

Question 9

give 5 advantages, to artificial, cloning

Answer 9

• plants, can be produced at any time of year.
• using meristem tissues, means it is virus free.
• species, that are hard to grow, in other ways, can be propagated.
• large numbers, of genetically identical plants, can be produced rapidly
• genetic modifications, can be made in small numbers of plants, which then give of plans carrying the desired change

Question 10

give 5 disadvantages, to artificial cloning

Answer 10

• vulnerable to disease.
• risk of microbial contamination.
• labour intensive, and requires skilled workers.
• vulnerable, to changes in environmental conditions (drought, global warming)

Question 11

what is a clone?

Answer 11

genetically identical copies. This term, can be applied to cells or to whole organisms.

Question 12

give 3 examples, of natural clones

Answer 12

• pathogenesis
• budding
• identical twins

Question 13

explain how budding occurs.

Answer 13

• cells, split off the parent organism, generating a smaller daughter organism, which eventually separates from the parent.

Question 14

why do we clone?

Answer 14

in order to produce, an identical copy of an organism with specific, desired characteristics.

Question 15

what are the two types of reproductive cloning

Answer 15

• embryo splitting
• somatic cell nuclear transfer

Question 16

what is the problem, with embryo splitting?

Answer 16

• we wont know the genotype and phenotype of the offspring, until they are born. ( depends, which sperm and egg combine.)

Question 17

what are we producing, through non reproductive cloning?

Answer 17

• new cells.
• tissues.
• organs.