Cloning

Question 1

What are the two different types of cloning in plants?

Answer 1

Tissue culture

Cuttings

Question 2

How do cuttings create clones?

Answer 2

Take a small part of a plant and dip it into a hormone rooting powder so that the cutting develops and forms a genetically identical clone of the parent

Question 3

What are the disadvantages of cloning plants using cuttings?

Answer 3

It only produces a few plants

Question 4

How can you produce clones using tissue culture?

Answer 4

use a small group of cells from part of a plant

Incubate the cell in hormones and nutrients so that the cells grow and develop into genetically identical clones of the parent

Question 5

Why must the conidtions of incubation in tissue culture be sterile?

Answer 5

To prevent the growth of bacteria or fungi

Question 6

Describe the process of embryonic cloning

Answer 6

1. A sperm and egg from animals in a population with the desired characteristics are fused together to form a fertilised egg cell
2. The egg cell is allowed to develop into an early stage embryo that has not become specialised
3. The embryo is this split in two using a glass rod
4. Then the two emrbyos are inserted into the wombs of host mothers to allow them to grow and develop into genetically identical offspring

Question 7

What is the disadvantage of embryonic cloning?

Answer 7

The first step involves sexual rerpoduction which produces variation in offspring

So we don’t know for sure if the offspring will definetely inherit the desired characteristics

Question 8

Describe the process of adult cell cloning

Answer 8

1. Remove an adult skin cell from the animal you want to clone and then remove the nucleus from the cell
2. Remove the nucleus from an unfertilised egg cell from the same species and then insert the nucleus from the adult cell into the empty egg
3. Use an electric shock to stimulate the egg to divide and form an embryo
4. This embryo will have the same genetic material as the adult skin cell
5. When the embryo has developed into a ball of cells, insert it into the womb of a host mother so it can continue to develop

Question 9

What are the uses of clining plants using tissue culture

Answer 9

To preserve rare species of plant

To produce many genetically identical plant for commercial nurseries