Cloud Computing

Question 1

High Availability

Answer 1

▪ Services experience very little downtime when using the cloud
▪ Availability is the percentage of uptime versus downtime
- Uptime vs Downtime
gold standard “ 5 nines”: 99.999% availability. (5 min 15 secs of downtime in a year)

Question 2

Scalability

Answer 2

Ability to increase the number of items in a system at a linear rate or less than a linear rate

Question 3

Vertical Scaling (Scaling Up)

Answer 3

Increasing the power of the existing resources in the working
environment
- Ex: increase processors, ram, bandwidth, etc
$10 = 100 users and $20 = 200 users

Question 4

Horizontal Scaling (Scaling Out)

Answer 4

Adding additional resources to help handle the extra load being
experienced

Question 5

Rapid Elasticity

Answer 5

• The ability to quickly scale up or down
  ● Elasticity is the system’s ability to handle changes to demand in
  real time
• Automation or orchestration
• Genrally with cloud services

Question 6

Metered Utilization

Answer 6

1. Pay-per-use pricing model.
2. You are charged based on actual usage.
3. Common in cloud services.
4. Measured by things like:
   * Number of users
   * Storage used
   * Data transfer
   * Compute time
5. Billing can be monthly, yearly, or usage-based cycles.

Question 7

Measured Services

Answer 7

• Charging is based upon the actual usage of the service being consumed
• Measured services are charged based on the actual usage of the service being consumed
• water bill, electric bill, cell phone

Question 8

hared Resources

Answer 8

• The ability to minimize the costs by putting VMs on other servers
• Shared resources is pooling together all the hardware to make a cloud
  provider

Question 9

File Synchronization

Answer 9

• The ability to store data that can spread to other places depending on the configuration
• Microsoft 365, google work space, iCloud.

Question 10

Cloud Deployment Models

Answer 10

_ which one you use is based upon security needs, cost restrictions, and risk tolerance
- Cheapest Public Cloud and Multitenancy combined (increased risk)
- Public Cloud
- Private Cloud
- Hybrid Cloud
- Community Cloud
- Mutitenancy
- Single Tenancy

Question 11

Public Cloud

Answer 11

• Most common
• Systems and users interact with devices on public networks, such as the Internet and other clouds
• Can be an inexpensive way for an organization to gain a required service both quickly and effiently
• Ex: Google drive

Question 12

Private Cloud

Answer 12

Systems and users that only have access with other devices inside the
same private cloud or system
- organization is responsible for the design implementation, and operation of the clouds resources & servers that host them
- chosen when security is more important than a lower cost
- Ex: AWS GovCloud (US)

Question 13

Hybrid Cloud

Answer 13

• Combination of private and public clouds
• some resources are developed and operated by thee organization itself
• can also utilize publically available resources or outsource services to another provider
• b/c of the mix strict rules should be applied for the data in each partition of this cloud (Ex: confidential information in private portion)

Question 14

Community Cloud

Answer 14

• Cloud infrastructure shared by multiple organizations.
• Organizations have common goals or compliance needs (e.g., healthcare, government).
• Costs and resources are shared among members.
  Challenge:
• Different security controls between organizations.
• Connecting networks means you inherit shared security risks

Question 15

Multitenancy

Answer 15

The ability for customers to share computing resources in a public or
private cloud
- the same resources are used by multiple organizations
- ex if shared server is experiencing an attack every organization on server will undergo attack
- data may be exposed to other solutions

Question 16

Single-Tenancy

Answer 16

• Assigns a particular resource to a single organization
• less effienct
• more expensive need more hardward

Question 17

Cloud Service Models

Question 18

On-Premise Solution

Answer 18

• Hosting a solution on-site
• Provide all resources and equipment
• The need to procure hardware, software, and personnel necessary to run the organization’s cloud
• On-premise solution allows the ability to control all the physical and
  logical access to servers
• costly, needs team to manage, and needs a facility to hold data and equipment
• confidential

Question 19

Hosted Solution

Answer 19

• Third-party service provider that provides all the hardware and facilities needed to maintain a cloud solution
• done in a multitenancy environment with multiple organization hosting on same cloud provider
• if selecting this option it is important to understand their authentication and authorization mechanism to ensure they have adequate protections to meet your requirements
• inquire redundancy and fault tolerance
  storage location and location based laws

Question 20

SaaS

Answer 20

• Software as a service
• Vendor Responsibility: Application, data, runtime, middleware, O/S, virtualization, serviers, storage, networking

Question 21

PaaS

Answer 21

• Platform as a service
• User responsibility creating app code and handling data processing
• just b/c OS is installed does not mean it is PaaS
• On the exam: if you see things that are more than IaaS then it is PaaS
• if you see things that are less than SaaS it is Paas
• Middleware and runtime environment. (Apache web server, a MySQL database, programing languages)
• service provider will give you hardware and third-party OS software between client and servers
• Vendor responsibility: Runtime, middleware, O/S, virtualization, servers, storage, networking
• benefits of cloud (shared resources, metered service, rapid elasticity, high availability, and file synchronization

Question 22

IaaS

Answer 22

• means of provisioning IT resources such as servers, load balancers, and storage area network components when needed- provides everything you need to run a server including power, space, cooling, network, firewalls, physical servers, virtualization layers, and sometimes the OS
• focused on the hardware only
• Responsibility: virtualization, servers, storage, networking

Question 23

DaaS

Answer 23

• Hosted Model/ Desktop as a Service
• Maintained by a service provider and provided to the end user as a
  service

Question 24

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)

Answer 24

• Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)
• Hosts desktop OSs within a virtualized environment hosted by a
  centralized server or server farm
• this is a virtualization implementation that separates the personal computing environment from the users physical computer
• limited local processing ability

Question 25

Centralized Model

Answer 25

- Hosts all the desktop instances on a single server or server farm

Question 26

Remote Virtual Desktop Model

Answer 26

- Copies the desktop image to a local machine prior to being used by the end user

Question 27

Cloud Storage Services

Answer 27

3 parts - Cloud Storage Application - File Synchronization - Content Delivery Network (CDN)

Question 28

Cloud Storage Application

Answer 28

- Amount of space on a cloud-based server as file storage - EX: dropbox, one drive, google drive

Question 29

File Synchronization

Answer 29

- The ability to synchronize from different devices using a single account send data to and from all devices from the account

Question 30

Content Delivery Network (CDN)

Answer 30

Network of servers that locates the nearest server to minimize delay or download time - Deifferent servers located all around the world so wherever the user is going from it finds the closest server and helps minimize delay (download time) to get those files

Question 31

Software Defined Network (SDN)

Answer 31

- Software-Defined Networking (SDN) - Enables the network to be intelligently and centrally controlled, or programmed, using software applications - Can be changed automatically by the network itself using automation and orchestration 4 layers - Application - Control Layer - Infrastructure Layer - Management Plane

Question 32

Application Layer

Answer 32

Focuses on the communication resource requests or information about the network as a whole

Question 33

Control Layer

Answer 33

- it also makes dicesions on how traffic should be prioritized, how it should be secured, and where it should be forwarded to

Question 34

Infrastructure Layer

Answer 34

- Contains the network devices that receive information about where to move the data - then perform movements

Answer 35

- Used to monitor traffic conditions and the status of the network - basically its going to allow you to oversee the network and gain insight into operations - Provides a layer of abstraction between the devices and the control and data flow that happen on the network

Question 36

How to use the cloud | Amazon Lightsail

Answer 36

1. get amazon account aws.amazon.com/lightsail 2. dashboard 3. creAT EINSTANCE 4. SELETRC REIGON AND AVAILBILITY ZONE 5. PICK PLATFORM LINUX/ UNIX, WINDOWS 6. CHOOSE APP (PaaS) OR OS (Iaas) (Use CentOS in ex) 7. other options: default 8. choose plan 9. then create the instance 10. click linux practice 11. connect using ssh