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Cloud computing and virtualization in business Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Cloud Computing?

A

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet.

Explanation: It allows businesses to access servers, storage, databases, and software without owning physical infrastructure.

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2
Q

What are the main service models of cloud computing?

A

IaaS, PaaS, SaaS

Explanation: These models define different levels of service from infrastructure to complete software solutions.

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3
Q

What is IaaS?

A

Infrastructure as a Service provides virtualized computing resources online.

Explanation: Businesses rent servers and storage instead of purchasing hardware.

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4
Q

What is PaaS?

A

Platform as a Service provides a development platform in the cloud.

Explanation: Developers can build applications without managing infrastructure.

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5
Q

What is SaaS?

A

Software as a Service delivers applications via the internet.

Explanation: Users access software through browsers without installation.

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6
Q

What are the main cloud deployment models?

A

Public, Private, Hybrid, Community

Explanation: These models define how cloud infrastructure is deployed and accessed.

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7
Q

What is a Public Cloud?

A

Cloud services offered over the public internet.

Explanation: Resources are shared among multiple customers.

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8
Q

What is a Private Cloud?

A

Cloud infrastructure dedicated to a single organization.

Explanation: Provides more control and security.

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9
Q

What is Hybrid Cloud?

A

Combination of public and private clouds.

Explanation: Allows data and applications to move between environments.

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10
Q

What is Virtualization?

A

Technology that creates virtual versions of physical resources.

Explanation: It enables multiple systems to run on a single physical machine.

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11
Q

What is a Hypervisor?

A

Software that creates and manages virtual machines.

Explanation: It allows multiple operating systems to share one hardware host.

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12
Q

What are types of hypervisors?

A

Type 1 and Type 2

Explanation: Type 1 runs directly on hardware while Type 2 runs on an operating system.

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13
Q

What is a Virtual Machine?

A

A software-based computer running inside a physical machine.

Explanation: It behaves like a real computer with its own OS.

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14
Q

How does cloud computing reduce costs?

A

Pay-as-you-go pricing model.

Explanation: Businesses avoid capital expenditure on hardware.

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15
Q

What is Scalability in cloud?

A

Ability to increase or decrease resources easily.

Explanation: Businesses can adjust resources based on demand.

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16
Q

What is Elasticity?

A

Automatic scaling of resources.

Explanation: Cloud systems automatically adapt to workload changes.

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17
Q

What is Multi-tenancy?

A

Multiple users share the same cloud resources.

Explanation: Ensures cost efficiency while maintaining data separation.

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18
Q

What is Cloud Storage?

A

Online storage for data.

Explanation: Data is stored on remote servers accessible via internet.

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19
Q

What is Data Redundancy?

A

Storing copies of data in multiple locations.

Explanation: Ensures data availability and disaster recovery.

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20
Q

What is Disaster Recovery in cloud?

A

Restoring data and systems after failure.

Explanation: Cloud providers offer backup and recovery solutions.

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21
Q

What is Edge Computing?

A

Processing data near the source.

Explanation: Reduces latency and improves speed.

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22
Q

What is Server Virtualization?

A

Dividing one server into multiple virtual servers.

Explanation: Improves hardware utilization.

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23
Q

What is Storage Virtualization?

A

Combining multiple storage devices into one.

Explanation: Simplifies storage management.

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24
Q

What is Network Virtualization?

A

Combining hardware and software network resources.

Explanation: Improves network flexibility.

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25
What is Containerization?
Lightweight virtualization using containers. Explanation: Containers share OS but isolate applications.
26
What is a Cloud Service Provider?
Company offering cloud services. Explanation: Examples include AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud.
27
What is SLA in cloud?
Service Level Agreement. Explanation: Defines performance and availability standards.
28
What is Cloud Security?
Protection of cloud data and systems. Explanation: Includes encryption and access control.
29
What is Data Encryption?
Converting data into coded format. Explanation: Protects data from unauthorized access.
30
What is Identity and Access Management?
Controlling user access to resources. Explanation: Ensures only authorized users access data.
31
What is On-demand self-service?
Users can access resources without human interaction. Explanation: Improves efficiency and flexibility.
32
What is Resource Pooling?
Sharing computing resources among users. Explanation: Optimizes utilization of hardware.
33
What is Measured Service?
Monitoring resource usage. Explanation: Enables pay-per-use billing.
34
What is Cloud Migration?
Moving data and applications to cloud. Explanation: Helps businesses modernize IT systems.
35
What is Vendor Lock-in?
Dependence on one cloud provider. Explanation: Makes switching providers difficult.
36
What is Load Balancing?
Distributing workloads across servers. Explanation: Improves performance and reliability.
37
What is High Availability?
Ensuring system uptime. Explanation: Cloud systems minimize downtime.
38
What is Downtime?
Period when system is unavailable. Explanation: Businesses aim to reduce downtime.
39
Give an example of SaaS.
Google Workspace, Microsoft 365 Explanation: These are cloud-based software solutions.
40
Give an example of IaaS.
Amazon EC2 Explanation: Provides virtual servers online.
41
Give an example of PaaS.
Google App Engine Explanation: Offers cloud platform for application development.
42
What is Green Computing in cloud?
Energy-efficient computing. Explanation: Cloud reduces energy consumption through virtualization.
43
What is Cloud Bursting?
Using public cloud during peak demand. Explanation: Helps manage sudden workload spikes.
44
What is DevOps in cloud?
Integration of development and operations. Explanation: Improves deployment speed.
45
What is API in cloud?
Application Programming Interface. Explanation: Allows systems to communicate.
46
What is Backup in cloud?
Copying data for recovery. Explanation: Prevents data loss.
47
What is Compliance in cloud?
Following legal and regulatory standards. Explanation: Ensures data protection laws are met.
48
What is Virtual Desktop Infrastructure?
Hosting desktops on central server. Explanation: Users access desktops remotely.
49
What is Cost Optimization in cloud?
Managing cloud spending efficiently. Explanation: Monitoring usage reduces unnecessary expenses.
50
What is the future of Cloud Computing?
AI integration, Edge computing, Serverless architecture. Explanation: Cloud continues evolving with advanced technologies.
51
Define Virtualization in simple terms.
Virtualization is a technology that allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine. Explanation: It creates virtual versions of computing resources like CPU, memory, and storage to maximize hardware usage.
52
What resources are virtualized?
CPU, memory, storage, and network resources. Explanation: Virtualization abstracts physical hardware into logical resources that can be allocated dynamically.
53
Why is virtualization important in business?
It improves efficiency and reduces costs. Explanation: Businesses can run multiple applications on one server instead of maintaining many physical machines.
54
What is a Virtual Machine (VM)?
A VM is a software-based computer running inside a physical machine. Explanation: Each VM has its own OS and applications but shares physical hardware.
55
How does virtualization increase efficiency?
By consolidating multiple servers into one. Explanation: It reduces unused hardware capacity and improves utilization rates.
56
What is server consolidation?
Combining multiple physical servers into one physical machine using virtualization. Explanation: This reduces hardware, electricity, and maintenance costs.
57
How does virtualization reduce hardware costs?
By reducing the number of physical servers required. Explanation: Fewer servers mean lower purchase, power, and cooling costs.
58
What is resource utilization?
The efficient use of computing resources. Explanation: Virtualization ensures hardware resources are not idle.
59
What is dynamic resource allocation?
Allocating CPU and memory based on demand. Explanation: Virtual machines can receive resources as needed.
60
What is VM migration?
Moving a virtual machine from one host to another. Explanation: It allows maintenance without downtime.
61
What is live migration?
Moving a VM without shutting it down. Explanation: It ensures continuous business operations.
62
What is hypervisor overhead?
The extra resource usage caused by virtualization software. Explanation: The hypervisor consumes some system resources.
63
How does virtualization improve flexibility?
VMs can be created, modified, or deleted easily. Explanation: Businesses can quickly adapt to changing needs.
64
What is scalability in virtualization?
The ability to increase or decrease resources easily. Explanation: VMs can be scaled without buying new hardware immediately.
65
What is downtime reduction?
Minimizing system unavailability. Explanation: VM migration and backups reduce downtime risks.
66
What is hardware independence?
VMs are not tied to specific hardware. Explanation: They can run on different compatible hosts.
67
What is isolation in virtualization?
Separation of VMs from each other. Explanation: Issues in one VM do not affect others.
68
What is a virtual network?
A software-based network inside a virtual environment. Explanation: It connects virtual machines logically.
69
What is storage virtualization?
Combining multiple storage devices into one logical unit. Explanation: Simplifies storage management.
70
What is desktop virtualization?
Running desktop OS on centralized servers. Explanation: Users access desktops remotely.
71
What is test environment virtualization?
Using VMs for testing software. Explanation: It prevents damage to production systems.
72
What is snapshot in virtualization?
A saved state of a VM. Explanation: It allows rollback if problems occur.
73
What is VM sprawl?
Uncontrolled growth of virtual machines. Explanation: Too many VMs can create management problems.
74
What causes performance issues in virtualization?
Insufficient resource allocation. Explanation: Overloading a physical machine affects VM performance.
75
What is CPU contention?
Multiple VMs competing for CPU resources. Explanation: It can slow down performance.
76
What is memory overcommitment?
Allocating more virtual memory than physical memory available. Explanation: It may cause performance degradation.
77
What is security risk in virtualization?
Potential vulnerabilities in hypervisor or VM isolation. Explanation: Improper isolation can allow attacks between VMs.
78
What is hypervisor vulnerability?
Weakness in virtualization software. Explanation: If exploited, attackers may control multiple VMs.
79
What is centralized management?
Managing multiple VMs from one interface. Explanation: Simplifies IT operations.
80
What is disaster recovery using virtualization?
Restoring VMs quickly after failure. Explanation: Backup images allow fast recovery.
81
What is cost efficiency?
Maximizing output with minimal cost. Explanation: Virtualization reduces capital and operational expenses.
82
What is energy efficiency in virtualization?
Reducing power consumption. Explanation: Fewer servers consume less electricity.
83
What is virtual appliance?
Pre-configured virtual machine. Explanation: It includes OS and application ready to deploy.
84
What is sandboxing?
Running applications in isolated VMs. Explanation: Prevents system-wide damage.
85
What is capacity planning?
Estimating required computing resources. Explanation: Helps prevent overload in virtual environments.
86
What is workload balancing?
Distributing workloads evenly. Explanation: Prevents one host from overloading.
87
What is IT infrastructure complexity?
Multiple interconnected components. Explanation: Virtualization adds management layers.
88
What is troubleshooting difficulty?
Challenges in identifying issues. Explanation: Virtual layers can complicate diagnostics.
89
What is network virtualization?
Creating logical networks independent of hardware. Explanation: Improves flexibility and scalability.
90
What is virtual storage pool?
Combined storage from multiple devices. Explanation: Appears as single storage system.
91
What is business continuity?
Ensuring operations continue during disruptions. Explanation: Virtualization supports quick recovery.
92
What is provisioning?
Setting up IT resources. Explanation: Virtual machines can be provisioned rapidly.
93
What is deprovisioning?
Removing IT resources. Explanation: Unused VMs can be deleted easily.
94
What is resource scheduling?
Allocating resources based on priority. Explanation: Ensures critical applications perform well.
95
What is cloud virtualization?
Virtualization used in cloud computing. Explanation: It forms the foundation of cloud services.
96
What is bare-metal hypervisor?
Hypervisor installed directly on hardware. Explanation: Offers better performance and security.
97
What is hosted hypervisor?
Hypervisor installed on an OS. Explanation: Easier to use but slightly less efficient.
98
What is virtual infrastructure?
Collection of VMs and virtual resources. Explanation: Forms a complete digital IT environment.
99
What is IT cost optimization?
Reducing unnecessary IT spending. Explanation: Virtualization minimizes hardware and maintenance costs.
100
What is overall benefit of virtualization?
Efficiency, flexibility, and cost savings. Explanation: It transforms traditional IT into scalable and manageable systems.
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