Computer Science Skills > Cloud Technology and Services > Flashcards

Cloud Technology and Services Flashcards

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1
Q

Cloud Technology and Services Domain

A
  • Define the AWS global infrastructure and methods of deploying and operating in the AWS Cloud
  • Identify compute, database, network, storage, AI/ML, analytics services, and “services from other in-scope AWS service categories”
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2
Q

AWS Management Console

A
  • Graphical interface that supports most AWS services
  • Access billing statements, launch new services, etc
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3
Q

AWS Command Line Interface (CLI)

A
  • Access AWS services via the command line
  • Programming-language agnostic
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4
Q

AWS Software Development Kits (SDKs)

A
  • Incorporate connectivity and functionality of AWS services into your code
  • Deploy AWS services and resources using a variety of languages
  • Use AWS resources in existing applications
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5
Q

AWS Infrastructure as Code

A
  • AWS Elastic Beanstalk
  • AWS Lambda
  • AWS CloudFormation
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6
Q

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A
  • Creates an encrypted private network between your device and the resource you are connected to
  • AWS VPN
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7
Q

AWS Direct Connect

A
  • Creates a secure, private connection from your local network directly to AWS Cloud
  • Considered “shortest path” between local network and AWS, providing lower latency and reducing bandwidth costs
  • Uniquely suited for large-scale data transfers, rapid data backups, and broadcast media processing
  • Bypasses the public internet
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8
Q

Cloud Native Deployment

A
  • All parts of the infrastructure reside and run in the cloud
  • All applications/resources are migrated to or created in the cloud
  • Relies on internet and cloud service providers for computational/IT requirements
  • Often used by startups
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9
Q

Hybrid Deployment

A
  • Connects on-premises technology with cloud-based resources
  • Might be in the process of migrating to the cloud
  • Allows organizations to scale into the cloud while maintaining access to on-premises resources
  • Cloud deployment as backup/disaster recovery solution
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10
Q

On-Premises Deployment

A
  • Utilizes virtualization technologies and application management to increase efficiency
  • Lacks the benefits of cloud computing
  • Very low latency because resources are on-site
  • Provides dedicated resources, which may be an industry requirement
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11
Q

AWS Availability Zones (AZs)

A
  • Discrete data centers around the world, separated from each other by network, power source, and meaningful distance
  • Increase availability by hosting resources in multiple AZs
  • Fault tolerance: ability to provide uninterrupted performance even during natural/human-made disasters
    Resiliency: capacity to recover from disasters quickly
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12
Q

AWS Regions

A
  • Two or more AWS Availability Zones
  • All AZs within a region are interconnected and high-bandwidth, low-latency networking
  • Different regions have different AWS Cloud offerings
  • Can host resources in multiple Regions
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13
Q

AWS Local Zones

A
  • Place compute, storage, database, and other AWS resources close to large populations when there are no regions close by
  • Connected with high-bandwidth secure network connections to local AWS regions
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14
Q

AWS Wavelength Zones

A
  • Ultra-low-latency user experience for application end users by embedding AWS compute and storage services within 5G networks
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15
Q

Deploying and Operating in AWS

A
  • Deploying: how IT infrastructure is brought into action
  • Operating: how IT infrastructure is run and maintained
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16
Q

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)

A
  • Fully customizable virtual server (“instance”)
  • Charged for what you use
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17
Q

AWS EC2 Instance Types

A
  • General purpose: good for general-purpose workloads that utilize resources in equal proportions
  • Compute optimized: good for compute-intensive applications
  • Memory optimized: good for processing large datasets in memory
  • Storage optimized: good for high, sequential read and write access to very large datasets on local storage
  • Accelerated computing: good for functions requiring high processing capabilities
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18
Q

Containers

A
  • Similar to VMs with their own file system, CPU, memory, etc
  • Decoupled from underlying infrastructure and portable
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19
Q

Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)

A
  • Fully managed container orchestration service
  • Deploy, manage, and scale containerized applications on-premises and in the cloud
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20
Q

Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Services (Amazon EKS)

A
  • Fully managed Kubernetes management service on AWS Cloud
  • No need to install/operate your own Kubernetes clusters
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21
Q

AWS Elastic Beanstalk

A
  • Handles the deployment process
  • You retain control over resources
  • Free to use; pay only for other AWS resources consumed to deploy
  • Autoscaling
  • Provisions and operates the infrastructure but allows manual management
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22
Q

Elastic Load Balancing

A
  • Automatically distributes traffic across multiple replicated servers
  • Fault tolerant
  • Scalable and secure
  • Monitors health of servers
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23
Q

AWS Lambda

A
  • Run code without having to provision or manage servers
  • Event-driven, pay-as-you-go compute service
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24
Q

AWS Fargate

A
  • Serverless compute engine for containers
  • Compatible with Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS
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25
Amazon Lightsail
- Preconfigured operating systems, web apps, and development stacks - Scalable, cost-effective monthly fees, and easy to deploy
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Types of Storage
- Object storage - File storage - Block storage
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Object Storage
- Files are broken down into pieces called objects and placed in buckets - Stores unstructured data (photos, videos, etc) - Best for static data - Components of an object include the data, metadata, and identifier - Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
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File Storage
- Data is stored as pieces of information in a folder - Stored files have hierarchy - Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS)
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Block Storage
- Stores data in units of blocks - Utilizes unique identifiers - Distributes and stores blocks in multiple places - Blocks are reassembled when data is requested - Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)
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Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)
- Object storage service - Scalability: change usage with flexibility and be charged only for what you use - Nearly 100% durability
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Amazon S3 Intelligent-Tiering
- Automatically moves objects between cost-optimized access tiers
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Amazon S3 Standard
- General-purpose storage for frequently accessed data requiring millisecond access
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Amazon S3 Standard IA
- For data that is accessed monthly with millisecond retrieval
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Amazon S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval
- For rarely accessed long-term data with millisecond retrieval
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Amazon S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval
- Low-cost storage for archived or backed-up data with 1-5 minute, 3-5 hour, or 12 hour retrieval times
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Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive
- For long-term archives with 12 or 48 hour retrieval times
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Amazon S3 One Zone-IA
- For infrequently accessed objects with rapid retrieval that doesn't require multi-AZ redundancy
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Amazon S3 on Outposts
- For on-premises AWS Outposts environments
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Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)
- Raw, unformatted block device attached to an EC2 instance - Can add multiple EBS volumes to one EC2 instance - Automatically replicated within its availability zone - Different EBS storage types - Independent of EC2 instances so can be moved to other instances, and does not disappear when EC2 instances are rebooted
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AWS Hybrid Cloud Service
- Extends AWS infrastructure and services into the edge where customers physically reside
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AWS Snowcone
- Tiny, 8TB HDD or 14TB SSD, 4GB memory - Provides edge computing, data storage, and data transfer services in environments with little or no internet - Collet and process data - Online data transfer via AWS DataSync - Offline data transfer by shipping to AWS
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AWS Snowball Edge
- 80-210 TB storage, 80-416 GB memory - Choose compute-optimized or storage optimized - Transfer data to ship to AWS or utilize compute capabilities to do local processing
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AWS Snowmobile
- 45 foot shipping container - Exabyte-scale data migration service to migrate up to 100 petabytes of data
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AWS Storage Gateway
- Hybrid storage solution that connects AWS Cloud storage with on-premises storage - Pay for storage and retrieval - Quicker access is more expensive
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AWS Storage Gateway: File Gateway
- Files stored as objects in S3 - One-to-one representation of each file - Asynchronously updates objects to S3 as local files are updated - Local cache to minimize latency
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AWS Storage Gateway: Volume Gateway
- Upload volumes in blocks (like virtual hard drives) - Asynchronously backed-up as point-in-time snapshots and stored as Elastic Block Store snapshots - Stored volume: complete copy on-premises; sends snapshots to AWS - Cached volume: recently accessed data on-premises; complete copy on AWS
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AWS Storage Gateway: Tape Gateway
- Uses existing tape-based backup infrastructure to backup to virtual tapes - Data stored locally then asynchronously uploaded to S3 - Data can be archived using Amazon S3 Glacier
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AWS Backup
- Fully-managed backup service that protects backed up data across all AWS services and hybrid environments according to your backup policies and settings - Data protection, ransomware recovery, and compliance insights
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Relational Databases
- Store and organize data in tables - Data is related to each other with predefined relationships - Commonly uses SQL
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Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)
- Collection of managed services to set up and operate relational databases - Supports Amazon Aurora, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, and MariaDB - Deploy on-premises with Amazon RDS on AWS Outposts
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Amazon Aurora
- Fully managed relational database engine - Supported by Amazon RDS
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AWS Database Migration Services
- AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) - AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT)
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NoSQL Databases
- Non-relational databases - Built for lots of data - Key-value, document, graph models
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Amazon DynamoDB
- NoSQL database service - Fully managed, serverless key-value database
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In-Memory Databases
- Rely on RAM for storage - Ideal for applications that require microsecond response times or have large spikes in traffic - Low-latency, high throughput, and high scalability - Amazon MemoryDB for Redis, Amazon DAX, and Amazon ElastiCache
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Hosted vs Fully Managed
- Managed services with save you time and money, but you lose control over your infrastructure
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Amazon Redshift
- Fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service - Data warehouse: stores extremely large amounts of data collected from a wide range of sources to analyze
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Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)
- Logically isolates section in the cloud to provision resources - Control almost every aspect of your virtual network - Automatically provisioned at AWS account sign-up
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Amazon CloudFront
- Global content delivery network (CDN) - Based on user location, origin of the website/app, and location of the content delivery server - Loads websites/apps faster for users by using edge locations to cache files and resources - Origin (S3, EC2, ELB, etc) => edge location (data center, cache, temporary download) => user - No minimum commitment or contract; pay only for content delivered using the service
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AWS Global Accelerator
- Throws web traffic on AWS global network to endpoints in the nearest region instead of public networks to shorten load times
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Amazon Route 53
- Scalable cloud Domain Name System (DNS) - Connects user requests to AWS infrastructure - Routes users to infrastructure outside of AWS as DNS service
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Basic Functions of Amazon Route 53
- Domain registration - Domain Name Service (DNS) - Health check of web apps - Auto-naming for service discovery - Create websites/apps with high availability
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Amazon SageMaker
- Fully managed machine-learning service that helps build, train, and deploy ML models
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Amazon Lex
- AI service to build bots with sophisticated voice and text conversational AI - Integrate voice assistants and chatbots
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Amazon Kendra
- Utilizes ML and NLP to help find answers with intelligent search
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Data Lake
- Repository to store structured and unstructured data - Data processing, real-time analytics, and ML - Use Amazon S3 as a data lake and analytics services to clean, analyze, and utilize the data
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Amazon Athena
- Analyzes data directly in Amazon S3 using standard SQL
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AWS Glue
- Integrates data from over 70 sources and prepares the data for analytics by cleaning it up
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Amazon Kinesis
- Collect, process, and analyze data in real time at any scale
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Amazon QuickSight
- Business intelligence service with ML integrations that helps you quickly build visualizations and obtain business insights
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AWS CloudFormation
- Templates for resource deployment in AWS - Provision and deploy full configured infrastructure - Pay only for resources used in the templates - Manage templates (stacks) via AWS Console, AWS CLI, or AWS SDK - Version control available - Infrastructure as code: deploy infrastructure based on a text file that specifies resources and configurations for each service being deployed
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AWS CloudTrail
- Monitor and audit infrastructure for compliance, user activity/API usage, and risk auditing - Discover, troubleshoot, and respond to security and operational issues - Track actions through AWS Console, AWS CLI, and AWS SDKs - Free review of account activities in the last 90 days - Logging of data events has small fees
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Amazon CloudWatch
- Monitoring and management service for AWS infrastructure - System-wide visibility into resource utilization, application performance, and operational health - Real-time notifications on data, metrics, and events
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Business Application Services
- Amazon Connect - Amazon Simple Email Service (AMAZON SES)
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Customer Engagement Services
- AWS Activate for startups - AWS IQ - AWS Managed Services (AMS) - AWS Support
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Developer Tool Services
- AWS AppConfig - AWS Cloud9 - AWS Cloudshell - AWS CodeArtifact - AWS CodeBuild - AWS CodeCommit - AWS CodeDeploy - AWS CodePipeline - AWS CodeStar - AWS X-Ray
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End-User Computing Services
- Amazon AppStream 2.0 - Amazon WorkSpaces - Amazon WorkSpaces Web
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Front-End Web and Mobile Services
- AWS Amplify - AWS AppSync
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Internet of Things (IoT) Services
- AWS IoT Core - AWS IoT Greengrass
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