1
Q
T/F
CNs can be somatic or autonomic
A
True
2
Q
CN 1?
A
olfactory
3
Q
CN 2?
A
optic
4
Q
CN 3?
A
oculomotor
5
Q
CN 4?
A
trochlear
6
Q
CN 5?
A
Trigeminal
7
Q
CN 6?
A
Abducens
8
Q
CN 7?
A
facial
9
Q
CN 8?
A
vestibulocochlear
10
Q
CN 9?
A
Glossopharyngeal
11
Q
CN 10?
A
Vagus
12
Q
CN 11?
A
Accessory
13
Q
CN 12?
A
Hypoglossal
14
Q
CN 1
sensory or motor?
A
sensory
15
Q
CN 2
sensory or motor?
A
sensory
16
Q
CN 3
sensory or motor?
A
motor
17
Q
CN 4
sensory or motor?
A
motor
18
Q
CN 6
sensory or motor?
A
motor
19
Q
CN 5
sensory or motor?
A
both sensory and motor
20
Q
CN 7
sensory or motor?
A
both sensory and motor
21
Q
CN 8
sensory or motor?
A
sensory
22
Q
CN 9
sensory or motor?
A
both sensory and motor
23
Q
CN 10
sensory or motor?
A
both sensory and motor
24
Q
CN 11
sensory or motor?
A
motor
25
CN 12
sensory or motor?
motor
26
olfactory info is detected by which receptors that are located where?
chemoreceptors in the mucosa of the causal nasal cavity
27
function of olfaction?
localization of food
reflex stimulation of digestive enzymes
detection of danger like chemicals ...
28
How do olfactory nerve fibers reach the brain?
axons join to form nerves → pass thru cribriform plate
29
cribriform plate?
bone located at the roof of nasal cavity
30
Does CN I go through the thalamus?
No
31
the olfactory nerves continue into the ...
olfactory bulb
32
optic info is detected by which receptors that are located where?
photoreceptors in the retina
33
olfactory pathway?
olfactory nerves → olfactory bulb → olfactory peduncle → piriform lobe → brainstem
34
T/F
olfactory input is projected caudally
true
35
olfaction is strongly connected with which part of brain for processing?
limbic system - emotion+memory
brainstem - reflexes like salivation, fear responses ...
36
How do optic nerve fibers reach the brain?
axons in retina → leave to form optic nerves → enter skull to form optic chiasm
37
T/F
for dogs, 75% of info hitting the retina will decussate
TRUE
38
if the problem is in the optic nerve, a patient will be blind in ipsilaterally or contralaterally?
ipsilaterally
39
if the problem is in the forebrain, a patient will be blind in ipsilaterally or contralaterally?
contralaterally
40
if the right eye is blind, which visual cortex is the problem?
left
41
greater decussation?
larger % of fibers decussating
42
greater decussation leads to
larger visual field but less depth perception
43
less decussation leads to
smaller visual field but more depth perception
44
CN II axons for conscious perception synapse in the ... to where?
thalamus (lateral geniculate nucleus) → occipital lobe
45
CN II axons for reflex function synapse in the
midbrain (rostral colliculi)
46
Neurological Examination of First Two CN
- menace response
- elicit blink/avoidance behavior
- cotton-ball tracking
47
CN 3 sends efferent somatic motor to which muscles for eye movement?
dorsal, ventral, and medial rectus
ventral oblique
levator palpebral superioris
48
CN 3 sends efferent parasympathetic motor to which muscles
iris sphincter muscle
49
function of iris sphincter muscle?
miosis and contracts ciliary body
50
cranial nerves with lower motor neurons?
3 - 12
51
T/F
CN 3 can do both somatic and autonomic
TRUEEE
52
miosis?
pupil constriction
53
where are the cell bodies of CN 3?
nuclei of the midbrain
54
CN 4 sends efferent somatic motor to which muscle for eye movement?
dorsal oblique
55
where are the cell bodies of CN 4?
nuclei of the midbrain
56
CN 6 sends efferent somatic motor to which muscles for eye movement?
lateral rectus
retractor bulbi
57
cell bodies of CN 6 are located in
nuclei of the rostral medulla
58
Neurological Examination of CN III, IV, VI
- pupil size and symmetry
- pupillary light reflex
- eye position/neuromuscular strabismus
- vestibular-ocular reflex
59
is vision required for vestibular-ocular reflex?
No
60
pupillary light reflex?
stimulate each eye with a bright light
look for both a direct and consensual response
61
three branches of CN 5?
Ophthalmic (+forehead)
Maxillary
Mandibular
62
CN 5 info is detected by which receptors?
mechanoreceptors
nociceptors
proprioceptors
63
Where do sensory axons of CN 5 first synapse?
sensory nuclei in the pons, but also throughout the brainstem and cranial cervical spinal cord
64
three sensory nuclei of CN V?
mesencephalic nucleus
main sensory nucleus
spinal nucleus
65
CN 5 axons for conscious perception of somatosensory input synapse in the
Sensory nucleus → thalamus → contralateral parietal lobe (somatosensory cortex)
66
CN 5 axons for reflex function synapse in the
medulla
67
CN 5 sends efferent somatic motor to which muscles ?
how?
muscles of mastication via mandibular branch ONLY
68
LMN cell bodies of CN 5 are located
nuclei of the pons
69
Neurological Examination of CN V
- palpate the mastication muscles
- corneal reflex
- palpebral reflex
- cutaneous sensory testing
70
corneal reflex?
touch the center of the cornea with a moist cotton-tip
observe retraction of the globe +/- blink
71
palpebral reflex
touch the medial and lateral canthus of the eye
observe a blink
72
cutaneous sensory testing?
stimulate vibrissae by touching around the forehead, maxilla, and mandible
stimulate the nasal septum
73
afferent pathway of CN 7
somatosensory input from the inner surface of the pinna and visceral input
74
CN 7 sends efferent somatic motor to the which muscles?
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
75
cell bodies of CN 7 LMN are located in
nuclei of the rostral medulla
76
CN 7 sends efferent parasympathetic to
glands for lacrimation, salivation, and nasal secretions
77
cell bodies of LMN of CN 7 are located in
nuclei of the rostral medulla
78
Neurological Examination of CN VII
- assess facial symmetry
- sensation on the inner surface of the pinna
- dry eye and dry nose
79
two branches of afferent pathway of CN 8
cochlear branch - hearing
vestibular branch - balance
80
CN 8 info is detected by which receptors?
located where?
mechanoreceptors located in the inner ear
81
CN 8 axons for reflex function synapse where?
midbrain (caudal colliculi)
82
Neurological Examination of CN VIII
- assess eye position/vestibular strabismus
- changes in head position, ataxia
- direction of fast phase (nystagmus)
83
Through what opening does CN VIII enter the skull?
Internal acoustic meatus
84
Where does CN VIII first synapse in the brainstem?
Vestibular and cochlear nuclei of the rostral medulla
85
pathway of CN 8 axons for conscious hearing
synapse in the thalamus (medial geniculate nucleus) → temporal lobe
86
T/F
axons for conscious perception of auditory stimuli project cranially
TRUEEE
87
which cranial nerves also do autonomic movement?
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
88
CN 11 sends efferent somatic motor to which muscles?
extrinsic shoulder muscles
- trapezius
- sternocephalicus
- cleidocephalicus
89
cell bodies of CN 11 LMN are located in
nuclei of the caudal medulla and gray matter of the spinal cord C1 - C8
90
CN 12 sends efferent somatic motor to which muscles?
muscles of the tongue
91
cell bodies of CN 12 LMN are located in
nuclei of the caudal medulla
92
What type of sensory input does the vagus nerve carry?
Somatosensory input from the throat like touch, pressure
visceral sensory input from thoracic and abdominal organs
93
What somatic motor functions does CN X control?
Skeletal muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus
for swallowing, vocalizing ...
94
What parasympathetic structures does CN X innervate?
Thoracic and abdominal viscera (heart, lungs, GI tract)
95
Does CN X provide parasympathetic motor for salivation?
NO; CN 9 controls salivary glands
VM 517
flashcards
Decks in class (18)
# Cards
-
Sensory System & General Proprioception37
-
Axial132
-
Intro to NS + Development72
-
Microscopic Structure of the NS56
-
The Brain64
-
Neurotransmitters68
-
Synaptic Transmission66
-
Intro to Diagnostic Imaging39
-
Nociception60
-
Visceral Reflexes/Micturition58
-
vestibular system & cerebellum83
-
Motor systems and reflex arcs73
-
autonomic NS physio33
-
diagnostic imaging of the vertebral column54
-
Ocular Anatomy & Physiology107
-
CNs95
-
Ocular Histology4
-
Neuro Exam37
