Coagulation

Question 1

Coagulation occurs in three phases:
1. __________ Phase – Platelet and
vascular response
2. ________ Phase – Clotting
cascade and factors
3. _______Phase – Degradation of clot

Answer 1

Mechanical, Chemical, Final

Question 2

Mechanical Phase –

Answer 2

Platelet and vascular response

Question 3

Chemical Phase

Answer 3

Clotting cascade and factors

Question 4

Final phase

Answer 4

Degradation of clot

Question 5

PT – Prothrombin time; measures ________ _______

Answer 5

extrinsic pathway

Question 6

PTT (or aPTT) – Partial thromboplastin time, measures _______ ________

Answer 6

intrinsic pathway

Question 7

The first step in hemostasis
is the presence of an _____.

Answer 7

injury

Question 8

When a blood vessel is
damaged, several clotting
factors will be released.

These factors will help
attract _______ to the site
of injury.

Answer 8

platelets

Question 9

Extrinsic Pathway
Activated when _____ blood vessel
wall is damaged. ____ pathway.

Answer 9

outer, Faster

Question 10

Intrinsic Pathway
Activated when ____ blood vessel
wall is damaged. _____ pathway.

Answer 10

inner, Slower

Question 11

Platelets will need to ______ __ ____ ____ to fully form a ___.

Answer 11

attach to each
other, clot

Question 12

Platelets will need to attach to each
other to fully form a clot. The
attachments will be created via:
1. Initially through ____ _________ _____
2. Final stabilization with _____.

Answer 12

Von Willebrand
Factor, fibrin

Question 13

Von Willebrand Factor is a
glycoprotein required for initial
_____ of platelets. VWF by itself is
not strong enough to sustain a ___.

Answer 13

adhesion, clot

Question 14

Now that the platelets are adhered to
each other and to the nearby vessel
wall, they will need to be stabilized.
This is where ____ comes into play.

Answer 14

fibrin

Question 15

Remember, _______ is a plasma
protein created by the liver.

Answer 15

fibrinogen

Question 16

Through conversions within the
clotting cascade, fibrinogen will turn
into fibrin, a protein-based strand that
can form a ___. This mesh is what
stabilizes the ___.

Answer 16

mesh, clot

Question 17

With the addition of fibrin, the ___ ____ has now been formed.

Answer 17

final clot

Question 18

The clotting cascade exists to only allow the
formation of clots if ____ _________ are
met.

Answer 18

specific requirements

Question 19

Factor I (1) – ________
Factor II (2) - ________

Answer 19

Fibrinogen, Prothrombin

Question 20

Factor XII (12) – Initial factor with _____
pathway
Factor VII (7) – Initial factor with ______
pathway

Answer 20

intrinsic, extrinsic

Question 21

Intrinsic Pathway- Activated when ______ _____ enter the inner lumen (internal wall
damage)

Answer 21

collagen fibers

Question 22

Extrinsic Pathway- Activated when ____ _____ is released (external wall damage)

Answer 22

tissue factor

Question 23

1. _____ are needed to complete the clotting cascade.
2. ______ and _______ are very important factors needed to form a clot.
3. Both the intrinsic pathway and extrinsic pathway will _____ to form a clot. Although unlikely, activation of only one pathway would not be able to form a true clot.

Answer 23

Factors, Calcium, vitamin K, meet

Question 24

4. Factor __ is used to catalyze the conversion of _______ to thrombin.
5. Thrombin (derived from factor 2) will catalyze the conversion of _______ to
   fibrin.
6. The end goal of the clotting cascade is to create ____.
7. After a clot has completed its job, several factors are responsible for ______ the clot down (_______)

Answer 24

X, prothrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin, breaking, thrombolysis

Question 25

Intrinsic pathway measured by:

Answer 25

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Question 26

Extrinsic pathway measured by

Answer 26

Measured by Prothrombin Time (PT)

Question 27

In veterinary medicine, prolonged PT and PTT is commonly caused by _______ _________

Answer 27

rodenticide poisoning

Question 28

Both PT and PTT is measured using a coagulation tester. This test requires samples from a ____ top tube.

Answer 28

blue

Question 29

Both PT and PTT is measured using a coagulation tester. This test requires samplesfrom a blue top tube. When the test is activated, the _______ is reversed with the addition of _____. Blood is then pulled through a small tunnel until it clots which is measured by time.

Answer 29

anticoagulant, calcium

Question 30

A thromboelastograph will measure the time it takes to form a clot to ______.

Answer 30

fibrinolysis

Question 31

A ____ _______ bleeding time test measures platelet function and abnormalities.

Answer 31

buccal mucosal

Question 32

A buccal mucosal bleeding time test measures platelet function and abnormalities. * An incision is created along the buccal mucous ________. * A special _____ _____ is used to collect blood. The purpose is to clear excess blood without applying pressure that could induce hemostasis. * The length of time it takes to ____ is recorded.

Answer 32

membrane , blotting paper, clot

Question 33

Platelet clumping appears as large aggregates of platelets stuck together. This is commonly caused when a _______ ______ forms within the sample.

Answer 33

blood clot

Question 34

Platelet clumping can be seen the most in the feathered-edge area and can affect ____________

Answer 34

the machine’s count for platelets.

Question 35

Thrombocytes, or platelets, are not true cells. They are instead fragments of the larger ____________.

Answer 35

megakaryocyte

Question 36

Pinpoint bruising

Answer 36

Petechiae

Question 37

Larger clumps of bruising

Answer 37

Ecchymosis

Question 38

Hemorrhage from the nose

Answer 38

Epistaxis

Question 39

Digested blood present in stool from upper GI bleeding

Answer 39

Melena

Question 40

Von Willebrand Disease – Caused with a deficiency in ____

Answer 40

VWF

Question 41

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy DIC

Answer 41

very deadly condition that is commonly initiated from severe wide-spread inflammation, which in turn can be cause by heat stroke.

Question 42

The process of DIC is as follows: - The clotting cascade is improperly started due to an ________ ________ - Numerous blood clots will form. These clots can ______ in organ _____ and can cause organ _____. - The creation of clots will deplete the total number of thrombocytes, thus thrombocytopenia is imminent. - Red blood cells will begin to denature, causing a loss of __ ______ cells and imbalance to ____ concentrations.

Answer 42

inflammatory response, embolize, vessels, failure, red blood, plasma

Question 43

Liver failure can cause the reduced synthesis of fibrinogen, thus removing the main stabilizer for clots. The liver is also responsible for synthesizing many of the other important components for coagulation like prothrombin. A patient that is jaundice may potentially have liver failure. This means they may potentially have _____ issues.

Answer 43

clotting

Question 44

Rodenticide poisoning is fairly common ascanines are prone to ingesting rat poison blocks.These rat bait blocks contain a very potent ______ (warfarin, bromethalin, etc.)

Answer 44

anticoagulant