Coasts

Question 1

Why is the Holderness susceptible to erosion?

Answer 1

• boulder clay cliffs
• long fetch from the arctic
• narrow beach
• lack of sediment from further up the coastline

Question 2

talk about Flamborough Head:

Answer 2

• located north of the Holderness Coast

- cliffs made from chalk so when eroded it solves which provides little material for beaches down south

Question 3

talk about Mappleton:

Answer 3

• Eustatic sea level rise due
  to global warming increases the zone of wave attack resulting in increased erosion
• narrow beaches and boulder clay cliffs
• “hold the line” management :
• rock armour and groynes in place to reduce the impact of the long fetch from the arctic that brings destructive waves

Question 4

talk about Great Cowden:

Answer 4

• “do nothing” management
• Great Cowden eroding at a greater rate due to management at Mappleton
• LSD (explain) is removing material at Mappleton but groynes at Mappleton are stopping LSD adding material
• Beaches are narrower resulting in accelerated erosion because of shorter distance wave has to travel to cliffs

Question 5

at what rate are cliffs at the holderness coast eroding?

Answer 5

• 1.5m - 2m per year

Question 6

Why is flooding a problem in Odisha?

Answer 6

• increased temperatures causes thermal expansion of oceans

- rise in sea levels

Question 7

Where is Odisha located?

Answer 7

located ont he south east coast bordering the Bay of Bengal

Question 8

example 1 of flooding in Odisha:

Answer 8

• 1999 tropical cyclone killed 10,000
• since then mangroves have been put in place
• planted 200 hectares of mangroves that reduce the impact of flooding

Question 9

how do mangroves help reduce the impact of flooding?

Answer 9

• act as buffers against storm surges by obstructing the water
• reduce the height of the waves
• reduces the waves energy, energy dissipates

Question 10

Goods available from mangroves:

Answer 10

• fuel
• textiles
• household items

Question 11

example 2 of flooding in Odisha:

Answer 11

• October 2013 Cyclone shailin struck Odisha
• 44 people died
• economic losses of $700,000
• over 1,000,000 people evacuated
• wind speeds touched 200km/h tearing down power lines and uprooting trees
• frequency and intensity of these storms may increase due to climate change

Question 12

what is eustatic change in sea level?

Answer 12

• alteration in the volume of water
• eustatic is always a global effect
• increase in temperature will affect sea level rise because ice sheets melt

Question 13

what is isostatic change in sea level?

Answer 13

• the result of an increase or decrease in t he height of the land
• height of land increase so sea level falls
• heigh of land decreases so sea levels rise
• local effect

Question 14

what are emergent landforms:

Answer 14

• occur when isostatic rebound takes place faster than eustatic rise in sea level (lands height rises faster than seas)
• e.g. wave cut platforms and beaches above current sea level
• no longer experience coastal erosion but they are weathered

Question 15

what are submergent landforms?

Answer 15

• eustatic rise fast than isostatic rebound (water floods the land and fills up landforms)
• e.g. ria, fjords, dalmatien coastlines