Coasts EQ1 EQ2

Question 1

The wider coastal zone including land and shallow offshore areas is known as the ______.

Answer 1

Littoral zone

Question 2

The wearing away and removal of material by waves is called ______.

Answer 2

Erosion

Question 3

A coastline where rock layers run parallel to the shore is described as ______.

Answer 3

Concordant

Question 4

Unequal erosion of rocks with different resistances is called ______ erosion.

Answer 4

Differential

Question 5

What is meant by weathering at the coast?

Answer 5

In-situ rock breakdown

Question 6

What is longshore drift?

Answer 6

Zigzag sediment transport

Question 7

Name the process where air is compressed in cracks by waves.

Answer 7

Hydraulic action

Question 8

Which erosion process involves rock fragments colliding?

Answer 8

Attrition

Question 9

Which transport process carries fine sediment in water?

Answer 9

Suspension

Question 10

Which weathering process dissolves limestone?

Answer 10

Carbonation (chemical)

Question 11

Are constructive waves associated with strong swash or backwash?

Answer 11

Strong swash

Question 12

Do destructive waves build or remove beaches?

Answer 12

Remove beaches

Question 13

Are low-energy coasts dominated by erosion or deposition?

Answer 13

Deposition

Question 14

Are high-energy coasts more common on rocky or lowland coastlines?

Answer 14

Rocky

Question 15

Which UK estuary experiences tidal bores?

Answer 15

Severn Estuary

Question 16

Which Dorset coastline shows headlands and bays?

Answer 16

Jurassic Coast

Question 17

Which coast in Yorkshire is made of glacial till?

Answer 17

Holderness

Question 18

Which UK dune system is stabilised by marram grass?

Answer 18

Formby

Question 19

What landform forms when a cave is eroded through a headland?

Answer 19

Arch

Question 20

What remains after a stack is heavily eroded?

Answer 20

Stump

Question 21

What feature forms at the base of a cliff by erosion between the low and high tide line?

Answer 21

Wave-cut notch

Question 22

What landform links an island to mainland?

Answer 22

Tombolo

Question 23

What term describes land-based coastal processes?

Answer 23

Subaerial

Question 24

What is lithology?

Answer 24

Type of rock

Question 25

What are natural fracture in rock with no movement, making it weaker?

Answer 25

Joints

Question 26

What is dip?

Answer 26

Angle of strata

Question 27

What controls the distance wind blows to form waves?

Answer 27

Fetch

Question 28

What is the movement of water up the beach?

Answer 28

Swash

Question 29

What increases erosion during storms and spring tides?

Answer 29

Wave energy

Question 30

What is the difference between high and low tide?

Answer 30

Tidal range

Question 31

Which transport process moves pebbles along seabed?

Answer 31

Traction

Question 32

What process causes clay particles to clump in seawater?

Answer 32

Flocculation

Question 33

Which process deposits sediment when energy falls?

Answer 33

Gravity settling

Question 34

What type of coast has consistent longshore drift?

Answer 34

Drift-aligned

Question 35

What role does vegetation play on coasts?

Answer 35

Sediment stabilisation

Question 36

What are salt-tolerant coastal plants called?

Answer 36

Halophytes

Question 37

What are drought-tolerant dune plants called?

Answer 37

Xerophytes

Question 38

What grass stabilises yellow dunes?

Answer 38

Marram grass

Question 39

What is plant succession?

Answer 39

Vegetation change over time

Question 40

What is a sand dune succession called?

Answer 40

Psammosere

Question 41

What is a salt marsh succession called?

Answer 41

Halosere

Question 42

What are first colonising plants called?

Answer 42

Pioneer species

Question 43

What term describes beach shape and slope?

Answer 43

Beach morphology

Question 44

Are summer beach profiles steeper or gentler?

Answer 44

Steeper

Question 45

Are winter beach profiles steeper or flatter?

Answer 45

Flatter

Question 46

What ridge forms from storm deposition?

Answer 46

Storm beach

Question 47

What concordant coast forms lagoons behind spits?

Answer 47

Haff coast

Question 48

What drowned folded coastline occurs in Croatia?

Answer 48

Dalmatian

Question 49

What type of coast is sheltered and depositional?

Answer 49

Low-energy

Question 50

What type of coast is exposed and erosional?

Answer 50

High-energy

Question 51

What are the two types of sub-aerial processes?

Answer 51

Weathering and mass movement

Question 52

Two ways geology can affect coastal landscapes

Answer 52

Lithology and geological structures

Question 53

Material such as sand, gravel, clay and silt that has not been lithified is known as?

Answer 53

Unconsolidated material (e.g. boulder clay)

Question 54

How much does water expand by when it freezes?

Answer 54

0.09

Question 55

What are two types of biological weathering?

Answer 55

Plant roots & rock boring

Question 56

Rotational slumping, rock falls and landslides are forms of what?

Answer 56

Mass movement

Question 57

What coastal landforms does mass movement create?

Answer 57

Talus scree slopes, rotational scars and terraced cliff profiles

Question 58

What geological structures often lead to increased hydraulic action?

Answer 58

Joints and bedding planes (planes of weakness)

Question 59

What type of scale is lithology likely to be more important?

Answer 59

Large/global scale

Question 60

What type of scale is geological structure to be more important?

Answer 60

Small/local scale