What does stretching the milk mean?
It is when the steam wand is aerating or pushing air into the milk.
What is steaming/texturing the milk?
It is when the milk creates a vortex. this allows for the milk to reach temperature and reach correct smoothness.
How long should a shot run for?
How much should coffee grinds weight before tamping?
What is tamping?
Tamping is when the coffee grinds are pressed down to remove air pockets and create a tight seal around the edges of the portafilter. it creates a flat, even bed of coffee for the water to run through.