CogLang2

Question 1

True or False: Early Intervention has a heavy emphasis on unidisciplinary care.

Answer 1

False; EI has a heavy emphasis on team-based care

Question 2

Three parts in an Assessment Procedure

Answer 2

1. Patient History
2. Clinical Exam
3. Add’tl Factors

Question 3

Seven parts of Patient History

Answer 3

1. Current and past history
2. Current and immediate past medications
3. Level of arousal
4. History of feeding/swallowing problem including descriptions by family, patient/client, educational/medical staff, etc…
5. Presence, type, duration, and method of placement (emergency or planned) of any airway device (tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, intubation)
6. Presence, type, duration of placement, adequacy, and complications of oral and non-oral feeding methods.

Question 4

When you first meet the patient/client look for these things (6)

Answer 4

1. Patient/Client’s posture
2. Alertness level and reaction to the clinician
3. Eye contact and Proxemics
4. Presence or absence of medical support equipment
5. Secretions: how does he manage them are they copious, thick, etc.
6. Observe Interaction abilities

Question 5

5 types of Clinical Examination

Answer 5

1. Conversational or Play-Based Interview
2. Language Evaluation
3. Speech Examination
4. Neurological Examination
5. Cognitive Examination

Question 6

Three etiologies of Language Disorders

Answer 6

1. Idiopathic
2. Genetics
3. Environmental

Question 7

Genetic Causes of Language Disorders that are Chromosomal Anomalies (3)

Answer 7

1. Trisomy
2. Genetic Deletion
3. Translocation

Question 8

What is Peridontal Disease?

Answer 8

systemic inflammatory response that can lead to preterm birth; has a clear robust association with language disorders.

Question 9

Considerations (# of weeks) for being :
- Extremely premature
- Very premature
- Late preterm

Answer 9

• 24-27 weeks
• 28-31 weeks
• 34-36 weeks

Question 10

List of Complications Related to Prematurity

Answer 10

1. PDA - Patent Ductus Arteriosus
2. BPD - Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
3. ROP - Retinopathy of Prematurity
4. NEC - necrotizing enterocolitis
5. Sepsis - Systemic infection

Question 11

What is Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?

Answer 11

-Ductus arteriosus is expected to close at moment of birth
-DA expected to close at birth to allow blood supply and oxygen to circulate on its own
-If DA stays open or patent, the preterm baby will struggle to keep oxygenated
-Treatment: outside of SLP scope
-Robustly associated with later disorders; language, cognition, learning disorders

Question 12

What is Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)?

Answer 12

-4 weeks post birth, baby still needs respiratory support
-We want to see consistent improvements after time
-Long-term effects are not seen?

Question 13

What is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?

Answer 13

Blood vessels of eyes are affected.
Can lead to permanent visual impairment.

Question 14

What is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?

Answer 14

-Necrosis: Tissue death
-Most feared complication after IVH due to high instance of death
-Inflammation in intestines and colon that causes necrosis
-Often treatable, language and cognitive impairments associated in future

Question 15

What is the most feared complication after IVH due to its high instance of death?

Answer 15

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

Question 16

What is Sepsis?

Answer 16

-Systemic infection
-History or use of gentamycin or neomycin antibiotic can cause hearing loss
-More vulnerable to future struggles

Question 17

All complications for babies with IVH involve three complications. What are they?

Answer 17

1. Birth weight - the smaller the baby, the sicker they will be
2. Oxygenation - lack of this to the brain will have more severe long term affects
3. Inflammation

Question 18

What are the Neurological Anomalies that affect Language development? There are 7 we discussed in class.

Answer 18

1. Microcephaly
2. Spina Bifida
3. Cerebral Palsy
4. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
5. Lissencephaly
6. Seizure Disorders
7. Hydrocephaly

Question 19

What is Microcephaly?

Answer 19

a birth defect where a baby’s head is smaller than expected when compared to babies of the same sex and age.
-Size of head and skull is indicative of brain size

Question 20

What causes Microcephaly?

Answer 20

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Toxins
• Infectious agents
• Genetic Anomalies
• Zika Virus

Question 21

What is Spina Bifida?

Answer 21

a condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth
-the neural tube defect we see most frequently

Question 22

True or False: for kids with ASD, delays in joint attention are an indicator.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 23

non-progressive brain injury sustained in the peripartum period. May be spastic, ataxic, athetoid, or mixed, with widely varying severity and limb involvement. Mildly involved babies may struggle with feeding for a long period prior to dx.

Question 24

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

Answer 24

a condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother’s pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome causes brain damage and growth problems

Question 25

What is Lissencephaly?

Answer 25

a rare congenital condition that causes a developing brain to appear smooth instead of having normal bumps and folds. Gyri do not form; cortical area is diminished. - associated with FTT, pneumonia, developmental disability - strongly predictable of development disability

Question 26

True or False: Hearing sensitivity can be normal in the presence of atypical auditory processing skills

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What are four early indicators of atypical development?

Answer 27

-dysmorphia -tone anomalies -feeding impairment -dysregulation

Question 28

What are the four language prerequisites?

Answer 28

-engagement with others -joint attention -responsivity and reciprocity -gesture development

Question 29

Joint attention appears around ___ months of age

Answer 29

8

Question 30

First spoken words appear around ____ months of age

Answer 30

12

Question 31

True or False: DLDs cause problems with vocabulary learning

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Problems with what two sounds in isolation or blends can impede grammatical development

Answer 32

/s, z/

Question 33

True or False: fast-mapping is effective for kids with DLD

Answer 33

False

Question 34

What are the three social communication indicators of ASD?

Answer 34

1. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity 2. Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction 3. Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships

Question 35

What are the four behavioral patterns of ASD?

Answer 35

1. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech 2. Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior 3. Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus 4. Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment

Question 36

What are the four criteria of Social Communication Disorder?

Answer 36

1. Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication 2. The deficits result in functional limitations 3. The onset of the symptoms is in the early developmental period 4. The symptoms are not attributable to another medical or neurological condition or to low abilities in the domains or word structure and grammar

Question 37

When children are struggling at age ___, the language difficulty is more likely to persist.

Answer 37

Age 6

Question 38

Developmental Disability is based on...

Answer 38

physical or mental impairments that begin before age 22

Question 39

How is Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) different than Conduct Disorder (CD)?

Answer 39

brains are wired differently, do not respond to reward/punishment, more defiance of social expectations (destructing property/societal rules)

Question 40

Which is more directed VERTICALLY towards authority. ODD or CD?

Answer 40

ODD

Question 41

What is CD?

Answer 41

a child who displays aggressive or destructive behavior, with dishonesty and rule violations, which is directed towards peers

Question 42

True or False: CD is more resistant to treatment than the ODD?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True or False: Conduct Disorder effects around 2% of children with communication impairment.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Is ODD or CD more directed towards peers (HORIZONTALLY)?

Answer 44

Conduct Disorder

Question 45

True or False: Newborn screenings detect about half of the bilateral hearing losses seen in school-age kids

Answer 45

True

Question 46

When assessing the semantic abilities in bilingual children, think (dynamic/static) assessment

Answer 46

Dynamic

Question 47

True or False: Language Impairment often presents with pronounced syntactic deficits

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Impairments in social language are seen in children with these 5 different diagnoses.

Answer 48

SLI NLI TBI Deaf/HoH Syndromic diagnoses

Question 49

Developmental Coordination Disorder is often associated with speech-language concerns and may co-occur with what disorder?.

Answer 49

ADHD

Question 50

True or False: Dyslexia is a problem with reading, writing, and/or spelling.

Answer 50

False! Language-based Learning Disability

Question 51

True or False: Most students with LLDs have IQs in the abnormal range.

Answer 51

False! Normal

Question 52

True or False: Dysgraphia is a specific learning disability that affects reading skills, impairing accurate, fluent word recognition and decoding. Spelling is frequently affected as well.

Answer 52

False, Dyslexia

Question 53

True or False: Fine motor issues do NOT co-occur with dysgraphia

Answer 53

False! They do.