1
Q
This theorist believed that the physiological arousal one feels (fast heart beat, sweating) after an event (seeing a bear) is the emotion (“I must be scared”)
- Cannon-Bard Theory
- James Lang Theory
- Schacter & Singer
- William Wundt
A
James Lang Theory
2
Q
This Theorist believed emotions and physiological arousal co-occur or can be independent; sensory information is sent for physiological arousal and interpretation (i.e. cognitive and non-cognitive processes) simultaneously
- Zajonc, R. B.
- Ekman, P
- William Wundt
- Cannon-Bard
A
Cannon-Bard
3
Q
Believed affect is primary, and can be experienced independent from cognition. He referred heavily to the mere exposure effect to support his position.
- Cannon-Bard
- Zajonc, RB
- Lazarus
- Papez
A
Zajonc, RB
4
Q
Theorist: Cognition precedes affect
- Lazarus, RS
- Ekman
- Plato
- James Lang
A
Lazarus, RS
5
Q
This Theory is attributed to whom?
Attribution Theory: Cognition is part of emotional experience – to what is emotion attributed?
2 – Factor Theory:
- Arousal
- Appraisal (cognitive experience)
- Papez
- Wundt
- Schacter & Singer
- Cannon-Bard
A
Schacter & Singer
6
Q
Who theorised the notion of two sensory roads to the amygdala: the “low road” being a quick and dirty subcortical pathway for rapidly activity behavioral responses to threats, and the “high road” providing slower but highly processed cortical information.
- Ekman
- LeDoux
- Lazarus
- Aristotle
A
LeDoux
7
Q
Studied facial expressions; believed emotions are universal
- Ledoux
- Wundt
- James Lang
- Ekman
A
Ekman
8
Q
Which of the following is not a universal emotion?
- Suprise
- Anger
- Envy
- Happiness
A
Envy
9
Q
Ordering of mental processes
- Perception
- Information processing
- Filter theories
- Orthography
A
Information processing
10
Q
Bottom-Up Processing is:
- Two or more cognitive processes occuring at the same time
- Using knowledge, expectations, experience to help
- Data driven
- Concept Driven
A
Data driven
11
Q
The type of processing that is data driven
- Parallel Processing
- Bottom-Up Processing
- Serial Processing
- Top-Down Processing
A
Bottom-Up Processing
12
Q
Stimulus processing that is influenced by factors such as the individual’s past experience and expectations
- Bottom-up Processing
- Top-down Processing
- Serial Processing
- Parallel Processing
A
Top-down Processing
13
Q
Parallel Processing is:
- processing that is influenced by factors such as the individual’s past experience and expectations
- processing in which two or more cognitive processes occur at the same time (i.e. driving)
- processing that is directly influenced by environmental stimuli
- processing in which one process is completed before the next one starts
A
Processing in which two or more cognitive processes occur at the same time (i.e. driving)
14
Q
Sensation + Meaning =
- Processing
- Perception
- Double Dissociation
- Dysarthria
A
Perception
15
Q
Human ability to work out accurately which parts of presented visual information belong together and thus form separate objects
- Perceptual Organization
- Object Recognition
- Double Dissociation
- Attentional Narrowing
A
Perceptual Organization
16
Q
“Of several geometrically possible organizations that one will actually occur which posses the best, simplest, and most stable shape”
- Perceptual Load (PL) Theory
- The Law of Pragnanz
- Attribution Theory
- Laws of Perceptual Organization
A
The Law of Pragnanz
17
Q
This disorder is caused by brain damage and results in the patient’s inability to recognize familiar faces but can recognize familiar objects
- Apperceptive Agnosia
- Associative Agnosia
- Prosopagnosia
- Simultanagnosia
A
Prosopagnosia
18
Q
Psychic and physical reaction that is subjectively experienced as strong feeling, and has physiologically involves changes that prepare the body for immediate action
- Sensation
- Information Processing
- Emotions
- Cognition
A
Emotions
19
Q
Perception is:
- A process that occurs through encoding, storage, and retrieval.
- A state of vigilance or alertness that is multidimentional, flexible and guided by motivation
- The gaining and processing of sensory information in order to see, hear, taste, or feel objects in the world , proces of knowing, including awareness and judgement
- Using what we know to process information
A
The gaining and processing of sensory information in order to see, hear, taste, or feel objects in the world , proces of knowing, including awareness and judgement
20
Q
The experience of sensory perception:
- sensation
- emotion
- cognition
- attention
A
Sensation
21
Q
All of the following are theraputic implications of emotions, except:
- Full awareness of emotions enhances adaptive functioning
- Maladaptive emotional responses can be learned
- Emotions are multimentional, flexible, and guided by motivation
- Emotional restructuring requires schema activation
A
Emotions are multimentional, flexible, and guided by motivation
22
Q
_____ is a state of vigilance or alertness that is multidimensional, flexible, and guided by motivation.
- memory
- perception
- attention
- cognition
A
Attention
23
Q
Act/process of knowing, including awareness and judgment
- attention
- memory
- sensation
- cognition
A
Cognition
24
Q
An individual may have a hard time giving proper atention to studying for the comprehensive exams as the tests provoke a great deal of anxiety. This is an example of:
- Top-Down processing
- Prosopagnosia
- Zoom Lens Model
- Attentional Narrowing
A
Attentional Narrowing
25
If an individual is experiencing _depression_, what is the likely cognition affected?
* attention
* memory
* information processing
* sensation
Memory
26
In regards to pathways involved in vision, the folowing is true:
* The ventral pathway is involved in spacial perception (where is it), whereas the dorsal pathway is involved with object perception (what is it).
* The ventral pathway is viewpoint dependent
* The dorsal pathway is involved in spacial perception (where is it), whereas the ventral pathway is involved with object perception (what is it).
* The dorsal pathway is viewpoint invariant
The dorsal pathway is involved in spacial perception (where is it), whereas the ventral pathway is involved with object perception (what is it).
27
Oliver Sacks gave an account of a man who had difficulty assessing relevant knowledge about objects from memory (i.e. he could describe a glove physically..."it's round with 5 extentions coming off of it" but he could not name/associate it or give it function). This is an example of:
* Apperceptive agniosia
* Associative agnosia
* Prosopagnisia
* Double Dissociation
Associative agnosia
28
This theory states that the role of attention is to act as perceptual glue, which binds the sets of features that we process together into coherent percepts of objects. Features are assembeled in appropriate relationships to form percepts of objects as we attend to those objects.
* Attentional Narrowing
* Feature Integration Theory
* Cognitive Appraisal Theory
* Cognitive Attribution theory
Feature Integration Theory
29
The first stage of the memory process where learning material is presented
* retrieval
* encoding
* storage
* processed
encoding
30
This process occurs through encoding, storage and retrival:
* memory
* attentional narrowing
* cognition
* perception
memory
31
These are seen as enduring memory structures about the self that integrate ones thoughts, feelings, and experiences about the self in a specific behavioral domain.
* emotions
* sensations
* facial expressions
* schemas
schemas
32
These types of memories are episodic. They pertain to personal experiences. And they have been found to influence means-end problem solving and social problem solving skills.
* Episodic Memory
* Autobiographical Memory
* Procedural Memory
* Semantic Memory
Autobiographical Memory
33
Non-verbal communicative displays which convey affective messages that are crucial in social cognition. An important foundation of human communication.
* Schemas
* Emotions
* Facial Expressions
* Sensations
Facial Expressions
34
This type of memory includes the following: phonological loop, visual-spatial Sketchpad, and the Central Executive?
* Procedural Memory
* Working Memory
* Explicit Memory
* Implicit Memory
Working Memory
35
This type of memory involves such things as knowing the capital of States?
* Semantic Memory
* Working Memory
* Non-Declarative Memory
* Procedural Memory
Semantic Memory
36
This type of memory involves things as riding a bike or swimming?
* Working Memory
* Episodic Memory
* Semantic Memory
* Procedural Memory
Procedural Memory
37
Procedural Memory is considered
* Declarative Memory
* Non-Declarative Memory
Non-Declarative
38
Episodic Memory is condidered
* Declarative Memory
* Non-Declarative Memory
Declarative Memory
39
Classical Conditioning is condidered:
* Declarative Memory
* Non-Declarative Memory
Non-Declarative
40
Semantic Memory is condidered:
* Declarative Memory
* Non-Declarative Memory
Declarative Memory
41
Fear Memory is condidered:
* Declarative Memory
* Non-Declarative Memory
Non-Declarative Memory
42
Which of the following are NOT features of emotions.
* Emotions are adaptive
* Emotions motivate goal-directed behavior
* Emotions are a primary communication system
* None of the above
None of the above
43
The first stage of the memory process that occurs during the presentation of the learning material
* Storage
* Retrieval
* Appraisal
* Encoding
Encoding
44
A way that memory can affect cognition and affect, through stable and enduring memory structures about the self that integrates one’s thoughts, feelings and experiences about the self in a specific behavioral domain.
* Self-schema model
* Feature Integration Theory
* Cognitive Apprasal Theory
* Attribution Theory
Self-schema model
45
Units of emotions with connections to ideas, physiological systems, events and muscle patterns
* Stimulus
* Nodes
* Self-concept
* Data
Nodes
46
A theory that involves the following steps: thoughts activate nodes, which then spread to other nodes and then info is brought into consciousness.
* James-Lange Theory of Emotion
* Bower’s Network Theory
* Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
* Behaviorism
Bower’s Network Theory
47
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Dorsal *Attentional* Network?
* Voluntary
* Endogenous
* Stimulus Driven
* Goal Directed
Stimulus Driven
48
Regarding attentional networks, the ____ network on the ____ side of the brain involves involuntary, exogenous, stimulus driven, and disengage, shift, engage functions.
* Dorsal; right
* Ventral; right
* Dorsla; left
* Ventral; left
Ventral; right
49
Regarding filter theories of attention, which of the following statements is NOT true?
* Some information may be selected *early* while other information is selected later
* All parsimonious models involve a *flexible filter* to accommodate processing of different types of information
* Total available attentional capacity is allocated to processing
* None of the above
All parsimonious models involve a flexible filter to accommodate processing of different types of information
(not true b/c the *correct* statement would be:
***Most*** parsimonious models involve a flexible filter to accommodate processing of different types of information)
50
This model of visual attention states that the size of the visual field can vary with task demands.
* Multiple Spotlights - split attention
* Attentional Spotlights
* Perceptual Load Theory
* Zoom Lens Model
Zoom Lens Model
51
The Phonological Loop is located in the
* Frontal Lobe
* Left Hemisphere
* Amygdola
* Cortex
Left Hemisphere
52
Regarding working memory, the visual-spatial scratch pad is located in the:
* Frontal Lobe
* Cerebellum
* Visual Cortex
* Amygdola
Visual Cortex
53
Regarding working memory, central executive functions are controlled in the:
* Frontal Lobe
* Cerebellum
* Visual Cortex
* Amygdola
Frontal Lobe
54
Fear memory is associated with the:
* Visual Cortex
* Frontal Lobe
* Amygdola
* Spinal Cord
Amygdola
55
\_\_\_\_ facial expressions lack concruent feeling and are created in the motor cortex of the frontal lobe.
* Genuine
* Spontanious
* Posed
* Familiar
Posed
56
Motor output in form of words:
* Speech
* Language
* Semantics
* Heuristics
Speech
57
Systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by use of conversational signs, signs, gestures, and marks which have an understood meaning. Anthing that can be understood between 2 people:
* Speech
* Language
* Semantics
* Heuristics
Language
58
This area is mostly associated with the production of speech:
* Broca's
* Wernicke's
* left hempisphere
* both a and c
both a and c
59
This area is mostly associated with the comprehension of language :
* Broca's
* Wernicke's
* left hempisphere
* both b and c
both b and c
60
Phonology (phoneme):
* Literal meaning of a statement
* Intended meaning of a statement may not be to same at the literal meaning (e.g. irony, sarcasm)
* Smallest meaningful unit of sound; each has distinctive features
* Most elemental unit of grammatical form
Smallest meaningful unit of sound; each has distinctive features
61
Morphology (morpheme):
* Literal meaning of a statement
* Intended meaning of a statement may not be to same at the literal meaning (e.g. irony, sarcasm)
* Smallest meaningful unit of sound; each has distinctive features
* Most elemental unit of grammatical form
Most elemental unit of gramatical form
62
Semantic:
* Literal meaning of a statement
* Intended meaning of a statement may not be to same at the literal meaning (e.g. irony, sarcasm)
* Smallest meaningful unit of sound; each has distinctive features
* Most elemental unit of grammatical form
Literal meaning of a statement
63
Pragmatics:
* Literal meaning of a statement
* Intended meaning of a statement may not be to same at the literal meaning (e.g. irony, sarcasm)
* Smallest meaningful unit of sound; each has distinctive features
* Most elemental unit of grammatical form
Intended meaning of a statement may not be the same as literal meaning (e.g. irony, sarcasm)
64
This makes language interesting and involves the timing, intensity, frequency [pitch], and emotional coloration of language
a) Segmental features
b) Suprasegmental features
c) Prosody
d) both b and c
d) both b and c
65
The basics of language:
* Segmental features
* Supersegmental features
* Left hemisphere
* both a and c
both a and c
66
The following are determinants of reading skill:
* heuristics
* rate of cognitive processing and speech production ablity
* prosody
* rate of cognitive processing and languge comprehension ablity
rate of cognitive processing and languge comprehension ablity
67
The following is TRUE about reading:
* Rate of cognitive processing and language comprehenion ability are determinates of reading skill
* On average, people read about 300 words per minute
* Methods of reading include whole-word and phonics
* All of the above
All of the above
68
Differences in communication styles are thought to be a difference/continuum of:
* male vs. female
* direct vs. indirect
* left hemisphere vs. right hemisphere
* All of the above
All of the above
69
Inductive Reasoning:
* Making a generalized conclusion from premises (statements) referring to particular instances; conclusions of inductively valid argumentls are probibly (but not neccessarily true); hypothesis testing
* Drawing conclusions that are definately valid provided the assumptions are true; often based on formal logic; conditional reasoning
* Everyday rationality is founded on uncertain rather than certain reasoning, and so probility provides a better starting point for an account of human reasoning than logic
* None of the above
Making a generalized conclusion from premises (statements) referring to particular instances; conclusions of inductively valid arguments are probably (not not neccessarily) true; hypothesis testing
70
Deductive Reasoning:
* Making a generalized conclusion from premises (statements) referring to particular instances; conclusions of inductively valid argumentls are probably (but not neccessarily true); hypothesis testing
* Drawing conclusions that are definitely valid provided the assumptions are true; often based on formal logic; conditional reasoning
* Everyday rationality is founded on uncertain rather than certain reasoning, and so probably provides a better starting point for an account of human reasoning than logic
* None of the above
Drawing conclusions that are definitely valid provided the assumptions are true; often based on formal logicl; conditional reasoning
71
Probabilistic Approach:
* Making a generalized conclusion from premises (statements) referring to particular instances; conclusions of inductively valid argumentls are probably (but not neccessarily true); hypothesis testing
* Drawing conclusions that are definitely valid provided the assumptions are true; often based on formal logic; conditional reasoning
* Everyday rationality is founded on uncertain rather than certain reasoning, and so probability provides a better starting point for an account of human reasoning than logic
* None of the above
Everyday rationality is founded on uncertain rather than certain reasoning, and so probability provides a better starting point for an account of human reasoning than logic
72
Clint A presents with a neurologically based memory disorder known as amnesia. Which of the following questions would pose the most difficulty for Client A to answer correctly?
* What did you do last weekend?
* What is your birth date?
* How many days are in 2 weeks?
* All of the above would be equally difficult for an individual with a neurologically based amnesia because they all represent procedural memory.
What did you do last weekend?
73
Client B states that she experiences emotions only and directly as a result of interpreting her physiological boodily changes. Whose theory of emotions does her statement best represent?
* Cannon and Bard
* Lazarus and Zajonc
* James and Lange
* Schachter and Singer
* Ekman and Le Doux
James and Lange
Comprehensive Exams
flashcards
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