What are the broad domains of development?
- Physical (Growth of the body and its functions)
- Cognitive (change/continuations in mental processes)
- Psychosocial (change/continuation in personal/interpersonal aspects)
What is the key idea of Piaget’s Cognitive State Theory of Cognitive Development?
Children actively construct new understandings of the world based on their experiences
What are Piaget’s Concepts/ Direct learning (Schemes)?
Assimilation - New info fits into existing schemes
Accomodation - changing schemes to incorporate new information or ideas
Adaption
Which of Piaget’s Stages relates to the age group of Birth - 2 yrs?
Sensorimotor Stage
what are the key elements of the Sensorimotor Stage?
- world understood through Coordination of sensory and motor activity
- Object permanence is achieved
- 6 sub stages
What are the 6 substages on the Sensorimotor Stage?
- Reflexes (reactions to in/external stimulation)
- Primary circular reactions (repeating actions related to own body)
- Secondary circular reactions (repeating actions related to external environment)
- Coordination of secondary schemes (secondary actions coordinated to achieve simple goals, i.e. grasp/pushing)
- Tertiary circular reactions (experiment w/ action variations)
- Beginning of thought (object permanence, symbolic thought)
What age group is described in Piaget’s Pre-operational stage?
2 - 7yrs
What are the key elements of the Pre-operational Stage?
- Symbolic representations and capacity (language, pretend/imagination, referring to past/future)
- focus on perceptual salience (obvious features of object or situation)
What are the cognitive limitation in the Pre-operational Stage?
- difficulty with conservation due to reliance on perception
- Centration - focus on only one aspect of a situation/object
- irreversible thought
- static thought - focus on end state rather than the change
- difficulty with classification
- egocentrism
What is egocentrism?
The inability to differentiate between self and others
The inability to assume any perspective other than own
Concrete operational stage describes which age group?
7 - 11yr
What are the key elements of the Concrete operational stage?
- understanding is driven by logic/reasoning
- concrete operations are carried out on THINGS
- understanding one or some principles but not at the same time
- decentration
- reversible thought
- transformational thought
- seriation and transivity (able to mentally arrange item along quantifiable dimensions and understand the relationships between)
- less egocentric
- classification ability improves
what age group relates with the Formal operational Stage?
from 11 yrs to adult hood there is a gradual movement from the concrete operational stage to the formal operational stage.
What are the key elements of the Formal operational stage?
Formal operations are mental actions on IDEAS
- abstract thought (systematic/scientific thinking abut problems, hypothetical concepts, abstract ideas)
- ^important for planning regarding future
contribution to aspects of adolescent development
What contribution to aspects of adolescent development for the formal operational stage have?
Positive:
Sense of identity, complex thinking, appreciation of humour, development of intimacy relationships
Negative :
Confusion, adolescent idealism, rebellion against ideas that aren’t logical
