Cognitive Development/Parenting

Question 1

Nature

Answer 1

An individual’s biological inheritance, especially his or her genes

Question 2

Nurture

Answer 2

An individual’s environmental and social experiences

Question 3

Assimilation

Answer 3

An individual’s incorporation of new information into existing knowledge

Question 4

Accomodation

Answer 4

An individual’s adjustment of his or her schemas to new information

Question 5

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 5

Piaget’s 1st stage of Cognitive Development (birth to age 2): infant’s construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motor (physical) actions

Question 6

Object Permanence

Answer 6

Piaget’s term for the crucial accomplishments of understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched

Question 7

Operations

Answer 7

Piaget’s term for mental representations of changes in objects that can be reversed

Question 8

Preoperational Stage

Answer 8

Piaget’s 2nd stage of Cognitive Development (age 2-7): thought is more symbolic than sensorimotor thought

Question 9

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 9

Piaget’s 3rd stage of Cognitive Development (age 7-11): individual uses operations and replaces intuitive reasoning with logical reasoning in concrete situations

Question 10

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 10

Piaget’s 4th stage of Cognitive Development (age 11-15 until adult years): features thinking about things that are not concrete, making predictions, and using logic to come up with hypotheses about the future

Question 11

Executive Function

Answer 11

Higher-order, complex cognitive processes including thinking, planning, and problem solving

Question 12

Temperament

Answer 12

An individual’s behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding

Question 13

Infant Attachment

Answer 13

The close emotional bond between an infant and its caregiver

Question 14

Secure Attachment

Answer 14

The ways that infants use their caregiver, usually their mother, as a secure base from which to explore the environment

Question 15

Insecure Attachment

Answer 15

Infants experience their relationship with the caregiver as unstable and unreliable. Two types of insecure attachment: avoidant and anxious/ambulant (preoccupied)

Question 16

Authoritarian Parenting

Answer 16

A restrictive, punitive style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parents directions

Question 17

Authoritative Parenting

Answer 17

A parenting style that encourages the child to be independent but that still places limits and controls on behavior

Question 18

Neglectful Parenting

Answer 18

A parenting style characterized by a lack of parental involvement in the child’s life

Question 19

Permissive Parenting

Answer 19

A parenting style characterized by the placement of few limits on the child’s behavior

Question 20

Prosocial Behavior

Answer 20

Behavior that is intended to benefit other people