What happened at the 1943 Tehran Conference?
- Meeting between Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin
- Planned D-Day invasion of Nazi Europe
- Discussed the future of Germany after WWII
This conference was crucial for Allied strategy during World War II.
What happened at the 1945 Yalta Conference?
- Germany divided into 4 occupation zones
- Free elections in Eastern Europe promised
- Creation of the United Nations
The Yalta Conference was significant for post-war planning.
What happened at the 1945 Potsdam Conference?
- Meeting between Harry S. Truman, Stalin, and Clement Attlee
- Germany to be demilitarised and denazified
- Disagreements over reparations and Eastern Europe
- Start of serious Cold War tension
This conference marked a turning point in relations between the Allies.
What was the 1946 Iron Curtain Speech?
- Speech by Winston Churchill warning that Europe was divided between communist East and capitalist West
This speech highlighted the growing divide in Europe post-World War II.
What was the 1947 Truman Doctrine?
- Policy by Truman stating the USA would support countries threatened by communism
- Beginning of containment
This doctrine marked a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy.
What was the 1947 Marshall Plan?
- US economic aid programme to rebuild Europe
- Goals:
- Prevent communism
- Rebuild economies
- Strengthen Western alliances
The Marshall Plan was crucial for European recovery after WWII.
What was Cominform (1947)?
- Soviet organisation coordinating communist parties across Europe
Cominform aimed to strengthen Soviet influence in Europe.
What was the 1948 Berlin Blockade?
- USSR blocked access to West Berlin
- Response:
- Western Allies launched the Berlin Airlift supplying the city by plane
This event was a significant early confrontation in the Cold War.
What major alliances/events happened in 1949?
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed
- FRG (West Germany) established
- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance established (Soviet economic alliance)
These events marked the formalization of military and economic alliances during the Cold War.
What happened in 1950 in Korea?
- North Korea invaded South Korea, starting the Korean War
- North supported by USSR/China
- South supported by USA/UN
The Korean War was a significant conflict in the Cold War context.
What happened in 1953 in the USSR?
- Death of Joseph Stalin
- Led to power struggle
- Khrushchev later becomes leader
Stalin’s death marked a significant change in Soviet leadership and policy.
What happened in 1955 – Warsaw Pact?
- Communist military alliance led by the USSR
- Created to counter NATO
The Warsaw Pact solidified the division of Europe into opposing military alliances.
What happened in 1956 – Hungarian Uprising?
- Hungary tried to leave Soviet control
- USSR invaded and crushed the rebellion
This uprising highlighted the limits of Soviet tolerance for dissent in Eastern Europe.
What happened in 1959 – Camp David Summit?
- Meeting between Dwight D. Eisenhower and Nikita Khrushchev
- Attempt to improve US-Soviet relations
This summit was part of efforts to ease Cold War tensions.
What happened in 1960 – U-2 Crisis?
- US spy plane shot down over USSR
- USA caught spying
- Summit between superpowers collapsed
The U-2 incident worsened US-Soviet relations.
What happened in 1961 – Berlin Wall built?
- USSR and East Germany built the Berlin Wall to stop people fleeing to West Berlin
The Berlin Wall became a symbol of the Cold War division.
What happened in 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis?
- US discovered Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba
- Nearly led to nuclear war
- USSR eventually removed missiles
This crisis was a peak moment of Cold War tension.
What agreements followed the Cuban Missile Crisis?
- 1963:
- Hotline set up between USA and USSR leaders
- Limited Test Ban Treaty signed (nuclear test restrictions)
These agreements aimed to reduce the risk of nuclear conflict.
What happened in 1967 – Outer Space Treaty?
- Agreement banning nuclear weapons in space
This treaty was a significant step in arms control.
What happened in 1968 – Prague Spring & Brezhnev Doctrine?
- Reform movement in Czechoslovakia (Prague Spring)
- USSR invaded and stopped reforms
- Brezhnev Doctrine: USSR would intervene to protect communism
This event demonstrated the limits of reform in Soviet-controlled countries.
What happened in 1972 – SALT I?
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks signed
- US and USSR agreed to limit nuclear weapons
- Part of détente (relaxation of Cold War tensions)
SALT I was a landmark agreement in arms control.
