1
Q
Why did the US refuse to recognise Castro’s government?
A
- Didn’t want a socialist country in their sphere of influence and it had links to soviet union
2
Q
When was the Bay of Pigs?
A
17th April 1961
3
Q
What did the CIA tell Kennedy what was going to happen in the Bay of Pigs?
A
- Disguised Old US planea like cuban ones and invasion will look like a cuban revolt
- Castro’s control of Cuba is weak
- Most Cuban’s hate Castro
4
Q
What actually happened in the Bay of Pigs?
A
- The planes were recognised as US planes and the information was published and the world knew it was USA that backed the invasioj
- Castro knew the invasion in advance and 20,000 Cuban troops were met by 1,400 US troops
- Most Cubans did not want their old leader as he was corrupt
5
Q
What were the consquences of the Bay of Pigs?
A
- Castro announced he was a communist
- Ended all chances with a US and Cuban relationship
- Millitary defence for Cuba with the help of Soviet Union
6
Q
How did the Soviet Union see the Cuban missile crisis result as?
A
- To place missiles in Cuba as Cuba saw this a way to prevent USA invading them again
7
Q
What happened in September 1962?
A
- Soviet ships carried nuclear warheads and missiles to Cuba
8
Q
What happened in October 1962?
A
US spy planes spotted the Cuban Missile sites and the secret was out. US public was in pannic
9
Q
What was detente?
A
The cooling period of tensions between soviet union amd USA
10
Q
What were the short term consequences of Cuban Missile Crisis?
A
- Kennedy assured USA would not invade Cuba again
- The soviet union looked weak as the world did not know USA had removed missiles from Turkey. Brezhnev then replaces Khrusvhev in 1964
11
Q
What were the long term consequences of Cuban Missile Crisis?
A
- Hotline agreement created a direct link between Washington and Moscow
- August 1963 both sides agreed to ban nuclear weapon testing except underground testing
- 1963 Kennedy gave a speech on how he was working with SU to focus on common intersts
- Soviet union catched up with USA in Arms race. MAD should be avoided at all costs
- Signed Outer space treaty in 1967 which banned nuclear weapons in space and not share nuclear technology with other countries
12
Q
Why sis Kennedy start to prepare for the nuclear war?
A
The four summit meetings USA and SU failed to resolve the problem in Germany
13
Q
Why was the Berlin wall built?
A
To prevent East Burliners travel to West Berlin and if they did try they would be shot
14
Q
When was the Berlin wall built?
A
August 12th 1961
15
Q
What Happened on August 12 1961?
A
East German troops put barbed wire arround West Berlin wall. The fence was heavily guarded
And Soviet tanks were deployed to stop western access to the east
16
Q
When was west Berlin completely cut off from East Germany?
A
October 1961
17
Q
How many soldiers were shot trying to cross the wall between 1961 and 1989?
A
Over 200
18
Q
Why was the Berlin wall built?
A
- Khruschev knew he couldn’t win a war
- The wall stopped East Germans crossing the border to the west and if they did they’d be shot
- The wall made krushev look strong
19
Q
What was the impact on Soviet Rule of Czechoslovakia?
A
- Czechoslovakia’s economy and living standards declined
- Communist rule became very unpopular
- Opposition to communism was crushed
20
Q
Who was the leader of Czechoslovakia in 1968?
A
Alexander Dubeck
21
Q
Things about Alexander Dubeck?
A
- Became czechoslovakian leader in 1968
- Good friend to soviet leader Brezhnev
- Wanted communism easier to live under
22
Q
What was socialism with a human face?
A
He wanted to make communism easier to live under
23
Q
What was the prague spring?
A
A period of increased political freedom. April 1968 lots of criticism resulted on communism
24
Q
What did the prague spring do?
A
- More freedom to say and write things even criticise communism
- More democracy alongside the communist party
- More power was given to czechoslovakian parliment and soviet control was reduced
- Powers of secret police were reduced
25
How did czechoslovaks respond to Prague spring?
- Students,intellectuals,workers and young members of communist party were happy about Dubeck's reforms.
- Books were written about criticising Soviet style communism
- Secret police wern't happy as some lost power
26
How did the rest of the communism world react to Prague spring?
- It horrified old czechoslovakian communists as they thought it would lead to the collapse of communism
- Brezhnev and other communists in the east were concerned as other countries might think to do this
27
When did Brezhnev invade Czechoslovakia?
August 1968
28
How did Brezhnev react to the Prague Spring?
- Brezhnev thought any weakness in control could break the warsaw pact
- Brezhnev failed to convince Dubeck to stop the reforms
- August 1968 Brezhnev sent tanks to Prague and Dubeck was arrested
- Gustav Husak was in control of Czech and went back to normal
29
Consequences of Brezhnev Doctorine?
- Soviet union had the right to invade any eastern bloc country that was threatning every country
- The USA did nothing about invading Prague as they were scared of war
- Yugoslavia and Romania backed off from the soviet union which weakened Soviet union grip
30
Importance of soviet union invasion on Czechoslovakia?
It made soviet Countries not rebel against communism and feared invasion
31
What did Brezhnev think USA would do if they attacked afghanistan?
Not do anything but instead it revived the Cold war and put an ending to Detante
32
When was afghanistan attacked?
1979
33
What happend in 1979?
Soviet Union sent troops to Afghanistan (which was communist) as their leader got assasinated. USA reacted strongly to this
34
What happened between soviet union and afghanistan?
- Afghanistan was bordering Soviet union this meant they had to be communist. Taraki was communist
- Pres Taraki was assasinated and replaced by Amin.
- Brezhnev ordered troops to invade Afghanistan in Dec 1979. Karmal was president Amin was killed
- SU troops had to stay in afghanistan for Karmal to stay in power. Afghan rebels resisted these troops
35
Why was Jimmy Carter worried about Afghanistan?
- USA was worried SU would invade middle east
- If SU invaded Afghanistan they might invade Iran and Iran middle east oil was essential to USA
36
When was the Carter Doctorine?
January 1980
37
What was the Carter Doctorine?
- He threatened to use force if SU attempted to take control of persian gulf
- USA imposed ecenomic sanctions where USA would no longer export grain to or import oil from SU
- USA were secretly backing Mujahideen meant they were backing a war against SU
38
Things about SALT 2?
US began to build their own nuclear weapons and soviets respomded by creating SS20 missile
39
What happened in 1980?
USA boycotted olympics in moscow in retaliation to Afghanistan
40
How dis SU respond to boycott in 1980?
SU boycotted the 1984 LA olympics and this brought an end to cooperation between the two
41
Consequences for USA for SU invading Afghanistan?
- Persuaded many americans SU cannot be trusted
- Helped elect Reagan in 1980 who was anti communist.
42
Consequences for SU for SU invading Afghanistan?
- Soviet Union troops still kept in Afghanistan to keep Karmal in power
- Troops were attacked by Mujahideen and lots of casualties
- Pressure was put on soviet leadership to end the unpopular war
43
When was the Helesinki conference?
1975
44
What was the Helesinki agreements?
- An agreement signed by all European countries (except Albania and Andorra) as well as USA,SU and Canada and the 35 countries agreed on security issues,cooperation human rights and borders.
45
What were some of the things in Helesinki agreement?
- Agreement on borders east and west germany were seperated
- trade (USA agreed to buy oil from SU and SU agreed to buy wheat from USA.)
- All disputes to be settled peacefully through UN
- Sharing Scientific knowledge in eg. Medicine and educational cooperation
- Countries to respect human rights including human rights, religion and freedom of speech
46
Importance of Helesinki?
- Helped the USA and SU form a soviet relationship
- Represented as a hight point for detente
47
Limits to Helesinki?
- SU continued to focus of Esstern bloc countries and apply Brezhnev doctorine. Protestors were treated harshly and Sakharov was arrested
- US still continued to influence countries like Chile and El Salvador
48
What is glasnost?
Censorship of the press to be relaxed
49
What is perestroika?
Ecenomic reforms to make economy more efficient
50
What started the end of communism?
Perestroika and glasnost didn't make communism stronger it made it worse. The Baltic states wanted to leave and some army officers felt that Gorbachev failed communism
51
How did Gorbachev try save communism?
By giving soviet communism countries more freedom but they rejected it and wanted even more freedom
52
When did Gorbachev announce dissolution of SU?
25th December 1991
53
Why did the SU lose the cold war?
- Propaganda (hard for SU to sell communism when capitilsm worked better for people)
- Afghan war (huge cost and drained SU economy)
- 1970-1980 (SU economy stayed the same where USA forged ahead eg USA had computer Soviets didn't
Arms race - Catching up the USA in 1960's crippled soviet economy
54
When did SU collapse?
1991
55
The significance of the fall of SU?
- Many soviet states broke away from SU and became independant.
- Fall of Warsaw Pact
History
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