AP US History > Colonial Era > Flashcards

Colonial Era Flashcards

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1
Q

What brought the ships across to the New World?

A

Trade Winds

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2
Q

Why did millions of Native Americans die when The Spanish came over?

A

The Spanish gave them diseases that the Native Americans were not immune to, such as chicken pox and measles

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3
Q

Where did the most successful native tribes live?

A

Central America

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4
Q

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

When the Pope settled the dispute of the South American lands, and gave Brazil to Portugal and the rest of the land to Spain

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5
Q

What is the Colombian Exchange?

A

Goods such as sugar, tobacco, riches, and potatoes were taken from the New World back to Europe. Potatoes could be grown in higher latitudes, which led to a population increase. There weren’t enough jobs for the Europeans, so they moved to the New World for a new life.

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6
Q

What sickness did thousands of Europeans die from?

A

Syphilis. They got it from the Native Americans

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7
Q

Who were called ‘soldiers of fortune’?

A

Conquistadores

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8
Q

Who was Jumipero Serra and what did he do?

A

He was the priest that set up the mission system. He also forced the Native Americans to farm, and did this in cities such as Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco

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9
Q

What was the Asiento System?

A

The Spanish wanted to use the Native Americans as their slaves, but the natives were dying quickly from disease and exhaustion. To replenish the workforce, the Spanish imported slaves from Africa

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10
Q

What was the Pope Rebellion?

A

This was when Native Americans in Santa Fe fought off the Spanish and managed to keep them off for over 50 years

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11
Q

What area did the French end up in, and why?

A

They ended up in Canada because of trade winds

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12
Q

Where did England settle?

A

The East Coast

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13
Q

Where did the Dutch settle?

A

New York

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14
Q

Who settled in Delaware and Southern New Jersey?

A

Sweden

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15
Q

Who conquered and took over Sweden’s land?

A

The Dutch

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16
Q

Why did the Dutch want to become under the English government?

A

The governor of New Netherlands, Peter Stuyvesant, was a tyrant and everyone hated him. To get rid of him, the Dutch became part of the English

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17
Q

What is the oldest city in America?

A

St. Augustine in Florida

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18
Q

What did British families often consist of in the New World?

A

They often came to the New World for religious freedom, and had huge families with 13-15 kids. They were often farmers and would get at least 180 acres in order to feed their family

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19
Q

This was the first British settlement in North America. It was in Southern Virginia and contained about 160 people. They all disappeared, and no one knows where they went.

A

Roanok

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20
Q

What was the second British settlement?

A

Jamestown

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21
Q

What was the purpose of Jamestown?

A

The British wanted gold and silver from the New World, which is why Jamestown was founded

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22
Q

What kind of area was Jamestown settled in?

A

The people of Jamestown were scared of the Native Americans, so they settled in the middle of a swamp to protect themselves from them. The swamp ended up giving the people malaria, and there was also a shortage of food. Only 40 of the original settlers survived.

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23
Q

Who lead the Jamestown colony?

A

John Smith. He was a good leader because he forced his men to work

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24
Q

What happened when John Smith got injured and went back to England?

A

The Native Americans only trusted John Smith, and so when he left they ended up massacring 500 settlers.

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25
What was the good that made Jamestown economically important?
Tobacco. This economic boom led to settlers spreading out along the coast
26
What were indentured servants?
They were people that couldn't pay for their trip to the New World, so settlers already in the New World would pay for their passage over in exchange for them as servants for a number of years
27
What was one reason the American Revolution began?
One reason was because of indentured servants. When their servant term ended, the indentured servants would head out west to earn their own fortune. When they went too far west they would run into Native Americans and they would fight. The colonists expected the British to help defend them against the Native Americans, but the British often refused. The colonists realized that they could govern themselves just fine, and that they didn't need a king.
28
What was the system that encouraged people getting indentured servants?
The Headwright System. One who got indentured servants got more land in exchange
29
What was the middle passage?
Bringing African slaves to America. Slavery increased in the late 17th century. At the beginning, slaves were treated like permanent indentured servants, but things got more strict when the slaves rebelled against their masters. They lost privileges such as education and religion
30
What was the Stone Rebellion?
This was the biggest slave revolt. The slaves in South Carolina next to the Stone river killed their masters and tried to run away to Florida. They were caught before they could make it and they were all hanged.
31
What was the first representative government?
The House of Burgesses. This happened in Virginia, and to be able to vote one had to be a white male who owned land
32
Who was Olaudah Equiano?
She was a woman slave who wrote poetry and short stories
33
What was the second British town founded?
Plymouth was founded in Massachusetts in 1620 because of religious freedom. It's leader was John Winthrop
34
Who wrote the sermon, "A City Upon a Hill"?
John Winthrop. It was about purifying religion and making a perfect religious society, which meant to kill those who didn't believe the same things as they did
35
What's the difference between Separatists and Pilgrims?
There is no difference, they are the same thing
36
What's the difference between Anglicans and Catholics?
They are pretty much the same, except Anglicans believe the King is in charge and Catholics believe the Pope is in charge
37
What's the difference between separatists and non-separatists?
Separatists separated themselves from the church of England and started again. Non-separatists believed they needed to stay within the Church of England and purify it from within. These were both Puritan factions.
38
Who was Anne Hutchinson and what happened to her?
She was a woman who disagreed with the belief of predestination within the Puritan church. She went on trial with John Winthrop presiding over it, and was exiled and went to Connecticut. Later in her life she was killed by Indians in New York
39
Who founded the Massachusetts colony? Why?
It was founded by the Puritans, and for religious freedom.
40
Who founded the Connecticut colony? Why?
It was founded by Hooker, and for religious freedom
41
Who founded the New Hampshire colony? Why?
It was founded by fishermen for commercial value
42
Who founded the Rhode Island colony? Why?
It was founded by Roger Williams, and for religious freedom. The difference between the other religious freedom colonies was that Rhode Island actually offered it. All religions were allowed, and this begins the precept of religious freedom in the United States.
43
What were a lot of New Englanders doing for a living?
They became merchants, and therefore needed good ships. New England had the best ships in the world.
44
Who founded New York?
The Dutch
45
Who founded Pennsylvania?
William Penn. He was a personal friend of the king, and so he was granted land for him and his people, the Quakers, to live in
46
What did the Quakers believe in?
The believed that all men were created equal. They were also Pacifists.
47
Who founded Delaware?
The Swedish
48
Who founded New Jersey?
The king's friends who got grants of land from him
49
What did the people of the Middle Colonies do for a living?
They mainly farmed corn and wheat
50
What was a huge affect of the Salem Witch Trials?
After many innocent people had been hanged, the girls confessed to making it up. The Puritan society was upset that their leaders had killed innocent people, and so they began to doubt their religion and leave to other colonies
51
What was the Halfway Covenant and what was its affect on the Puritan church?
It was a way to boost Puritan membership. If one parent was a good member than their child could also become a Puritan. This had a negative affect because the leaders were changing the rules that "couldn't" be changed, so even more people doubt and leave the church
52
What was the First Great Awakening?
This was when people began making their own religions and altering them to fit their beliefs. People believed in the power and glory of God; that the Bible is the final sense of authority; that living a sinful life is evil; one needs personal conversion (baptism)
53
Who wrote the sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"?
Jonathan Edwards
54
What is the Dominion of New England?
The king sets this up so there is one government to control all of the colonies, and that the governors get direct orders from the king. The colonists didn't like this at all because it restricted their freedom.
55
How did the king try to control trade?
Through mercantilism, which pretty much said that the colonies were there to provide goods for the British. Navigation acts were also used. They said that merchants could only trade with England. There was no one to enforce this, however, and we traded with other countries anyway.
56
What is the term for the non-enforcement of rules?
Salutary neglect
57
What is the name for the trade route that went from New England with rum, to Africa with slaves, to the Caribbean with sugar, and back again called?
Triangle of Trade.
58
Where did most business deals happen?
In taverns, where incidentally many men would get drunk and complain about the British. This tension played a part in the American Revolution
59
What four states were countries first?
Texas, California, Hawaii, and Vermont
60
Why was Georgia founded as a colony?
It was close to Florida, which was owned by Spain, and was used as a buffer zone between the two areas of control. Georgia is where a lot of British prisoners were sent
61
Why was South Carolina founded as a colony?
It was rich with tobacco, rice, and indigo, so for commercial reasons
62
Who founded Virginia and why?
John Smith, and because of tobacco
63
Why was North Carolina founded?
Tobacco
64
Who founded Maryland and why?
Lord Baltimore founded it for religious freedom. He was a friend of the king and a Catholic, so the king gave him land in America where him and other Catholics wouldn't be persecuted
65
The British sent everyone they didn't want to the colonies. Why is this important in regards to the American Revolution?
The hate of the British was one big factor that contributed to the revolution
66
Which British philosopher believed that every human has basic rights and that they are capable of governing themselves?
John Locke
67
What was the Charter of Privileges?
Most colonies limited immigration. This document said that Pennsylvania was the only one that didn't.
68
What was the Albany Plan of Union?
This was the first time the colonies tried to come together and become one entity, although Delaware and Georgia didn't show up. They discussed the threat of the French and the Indians and what to do about it. Benjamin Franklin came up with this plan.
69
What happened with Ethan Allen and Vermont?
The king wouldn't grant a charter for Vermont, so Allen had to fight off New York and New Hampshire to have his own land. At the end of the revolutionary war, Vermont was the first to apply for statehood. When refused, they became their own country, and then became a state about a month later
70
When and where was the French and Indian War fought?
In the US and Europe from 1753-1763
71
When was King William's war?
The late 1600's
72
When was Queen Anne's war?
Early 1700's. In this war the French gave up Newfoundland, Hudson Bay, and parts of Nova Scotia
73
What was the Pontiac Rebellion?
It was a Native American uprising
74
How was the French and Indian war a big cause for the Revolutionary War?
The colonists fought in this war because they would gain land. This angered the Native Americans, so the colonists depended on the British to protect them. Britain doesn't want to ruin their trade relationship with the Indians, so they don't do anything to help the colonists, which angers them.
75
What did the Proclamation of 1763 say?
It forbade the colonists from settling farther west than the Appalachian mountains. The colonists ignored this rule and settled farther west anyway
76
Before 1700, where did most settlers come from?
England
77
From 1700-1770, where did most settlers come from?
Africa, Scotland and Ireland, and Germany
78
Who coined the term "New Man" and what did it mean?
Jean de Crevecouer came up with this concept. Because almost everyone was farmers, people were more independent. There was also diversity in ethnic groups, which had people talking and discussing different ideas
79
What were some early things Benjamin Franklin was known for?
He went from really poor to really rich; he created the first public hospitals; he created public libraries; he wrote "Poor Richard's Almanac"
80
What was William Billings known for?
His music
81
What was Anne Bradstreet known for?
Poetry
82
What was Andrew Hamilton, and what was he best known for?
He was a lawyer, and was best known for the "Zenger" case.
83
What was the Zenger case?
Zenger accused the governor of being a crook, and he went to trial for defying power. He ended up winning the trial, which then led to freedom of the press
84
Who was Phillis Wheatly and what was she known for?
She was a slave who wrote poetry, and she was very popular in England
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