Comm Chp 1

Question 1

Transactional Model of Communication

Answer 1

1. Sender
2. Reciever
3. Message
4. Feedback
5. Channel
6. Content vs Relationship Dimension
7. Fields fo Experience
8. Noise (Physical, Psycohological, Physiological, Semantic)

Question 2

1. Sender (encoder)

Answer 2

often simultaneoulsy the receiver

-whose persepction is foces on

Question 3

2. Reciever (Decoder)

Answer 3

often simultaneously the sender

-interperates message

Question 4

3. Message

Answer 4

From sender to reciever

What is the REAL message

Question 5

4. Feedback

Answer 5

From reciever to sender if there IS any

Question 6

5. Channel

Answer 6

-verbal, written, gesture, body language, facial expressions, visual art, etc

Question 7

6. Content vs Relationship Dimension

Answer 7

Between sender and reciever

• how does the relationship influence the content?
• How does the content influece the relationship?

Question 8

7. Fields of Experience

Answer 8

• Speculation about the experience and issures in the sender’s past that might influence the accurate ENCODING of the message.
• Speculation about the experiences and issues in the recievers’s past that might influence the accurate DECODING of the message
• Where do they intersect?

Question 9

8. Noise

Answer 9

• Physical: anything in the immediate phyiscal environment that could interfere with the accurate encoding and decoding of the message
• Physiological: anything biological processes fo the encoder or decorder that could interfere with the accurate encoding or decoding of message
• Psychological: any biases, assumptions, preconceptions that interfere with teh accurate encoding or decodign of the message
• Smantic: any confusion as to the meaning of words-verbal or written

Question 10

3 Communication Myths of Western Society

Answer 10

Myth 1: Communication is a cure all–No, you can learn just how different you are from a person

Myth2: Communication is just common sense– No, college grads can’t communicate adqueately

Myth3: Communication quantity equals quality–No, persistance (quantity) of a subject can hurt

Question 11

Communication

Answer 11

Sharing meaning with other through SYMBOLS

-transcatioal process of sharing meaning with others

Question 12

Single Channel Messages

Answer 12

• Channel Lean
• More or less clea to the reciever
• Channel Lean messages (texts) can be disinhibiting

Question 13

Multiple Channels Messages

Answer 13

• Channel rich
• Should be more clearer to reciever

Question 14

Hypercompetitivness

Answer 14

-the excessive emphasis on beathng others to achieve one’s goal and the direct opposite fo respect for other

Question 15

Respect for others

Answer 15

DIRECT opposite fo hypercompetitivesss.

• Includes:
  a) empathy and compassion
  b) communication fo sportsmanship to others

Question 16

BOX: Hypercompetitiveness leads to cheating

Answer 16

• 3/4 of college studesnts cheat to get ahead
• those who wouldnt cheat do it to even the playing field
• Cheating is dishonet and violates fairness
• Hypercompetitiviness glorifies victors with message of priase and is indifferent or contemptous aganist losers

Question 17

High Self Esteem

Answer 17

• “Social Vaccine” that stops ppl from destructive communication BUT psychos, neo naizis, bullies,KKK etc have superioty complex and high self esteem
• A major cause of aggression in human relations seems to be NOT low self esteem but high self esteem combined with ego threat.
• Inflated self esteem: seem obnoxious to others, talk and interrupt more

Question 18

Myth

Answer 18

belish that is contadiced by fact

Question 19

Hindsight Bias

Answer 19

“I knew that already” tendency

Question 20

Linear Model

Answer 20

-Communication is a one way phenomenon

–> Presidents TV announment

• Elements: Sender, Reciever, Message, Channel, Noise ( physical, physiological, Psychological, Semantic)
• NO feedback: receiver’s verbal and non verbal responses to message (listeners are passive)
• Highlights conpects of Channel and Nosie (broadens defintion of noise to include interference)

Question 21

Interactive Model (ping pong view)

Answer 21

-Adds Feedback and Fields of Experience to elements

–Fields of Experience: cultural backgound, ethnicity, geographic location, extent fo travel, personal experices over lifetime–> misunderstanding

-Communication is a two way process, senders become recievers as recievers become senders

Question 22

Transactional Model (Sender- Reciever Impact View)

Answer 22

• People are connected through communication (transcation)
• Communication is a transaction:
  a) each person is a sender-reciever, (not just a sender or a reciever) as you still recieve feedback as you talk
  b) communication affects all paties involved
• Adds Content (said and done) vs. Relationship (how message defines association between 2ppl) Dimension

Question 23

Meaning

Answer 23

Conscious pattern humans create out of their interpretation of exprience

• Construct meaning by making connections and patterns
• Social contruct
• Meaning is shared when there are overlapping interpretations between individduals (attempt to share meaning verbally and noverbally)

–> Intercultural meaning of words and gestures is important

Question 24

Communication Competence

Answer 24

engaging communication with others that is perceived to be both effective and appropriate in a given context

Question 25

Effectivness

Answer 25

Is the degree to which we have progressed in achievement of our goals

Question 26

"me first" attitude destroys teamwork in groups

Answer 26

collection of ppl doesnt function as a group at all if every member is more interested inindividual accomplishments than group achievement

Question 27

Appropriateness

Answer 27

behavior that is viewed as legitimate for and fitting to the context (the environment in which communication occurs) -Communciation becomes inappropriate if it violates rules when such violations could be averted without sacrificing goal

Question 28

Rule

Answer 28

followable prescription that indicates what behaviro is obligated, preferred and prohibited in certain contexts - Every communication is guided by rules - Most ruels are implied (indirectl indicated) by patterns of behavior... a violation of an implicit rule often leads to an explicit statement of the rule - Rules can be modified

Question 29

Ways to improve effectiveness adn appropriatness of communication

Answer 29

1) Knowledge: knowing rules for behavioral expectation (esp in other cultures) 2) Skills: clearly, fluetnly, concisely, confident communication messages --\> skill WO knowledge isnt productive 3) Sensitivity: detect, decode, and comprehend signals in our social environment --\>being midnful not mindless 4) Commitment: passion for excellence and dedicating to achieving it, attitude is important 5) Ethics: set of standards for judging the moral correctness of communication behavor - \>1. Respect - \>2. Honesty - \>3.Fairness - \>4. Chioce (ppl should be able to choose) - \>5. Responsibility

Question 30

Communication Climate

Answer 30

emotional atmosphere, the pervading or enveloping tone that we creat by the way we communicate with others

Question 31

Constructive Communication Climate

Answer 31

composed of 2 general patters of OPENESS (willingness to communicate) and a pattern of SUPPORTIVENESS ( confirmation fo the worth and value of others and help other) -We oriented people

Question 32

Destructive Communication Climeate

Answer 32

Composed of 2 general elements: CLOSEDNESS ( unwillingnes to communicate) and a patter of DEFENSIVENESS (protection reaction to a percieved attack on self esteem and self concept --Protection reaction: 1) You deny validity of percieved attack 2)You counterattcker against person whose communicaation diminishes self worht 3) You withdraw \*\*\*\* An instance (episode) of defenseiev response doesnt not create a destructive cilmate uless the episeode is esp. egreious (sexual abuse) or a patter of criticism (several episodes)

Question 33

Competition

Answer 33

-a process of mutually exclusive goal attainment for you to win and others must lose

Question 34

Cooperation

Answer 34

- Process of mutually inclusive goal attainment for me to achieve my goal you must also achive your goal - Sink or swim together - Cooperative communication is a process NOT an outcome - Doesnt mean yeilding to others

Question 35

Individual Achievement

Answer 35

the realization of personal goals WITHOUT having to defeat an opponent

Question 36

Constructive Competition

Answer 36

occurs whne competiing against others produces a positive, enjoyable experienne and promotes increased efforest to achieve victory WO jeopardizing positve interpersonal realtionships --\> hypercompetitiveness, NOT competition itself, produeces destructive comm climate

Question 37

Common Notion that Intergroup (between groups) competition promotes intragroup (inside group) cohesiveness and teamwork...

Answer 37

... only true for winning team