COMM Final

Question 1

how an idea, concept, or situation is strategically described and communicated for a specific goal or purpose

Answer 1

Frame

Question 2

the ability to sense, connect with, and share an emotional or cognitive experience of another person

Answer 2

Empathy

Question 3

the current inability to see, connect with, or understand the complexity of another person’s perspective, identity, or experience; a reflection of a lack of information regarding a part or parts of a person’s identity, perspective, and/or experience

Answer 3

Experience empathy gap

Question 4

an audience that generally thinks positively about your topic

Answer 4

Favorable audience

Question 5

an audience that is generally negative toward a topic or speaker

Answer 5

Unfavorable audience

Question 6

the tendency to believe that we are a lot more knowledgeable about a subject than we actually are

Answer 6

Dunning-Kruger Effect

Question 7

an audience that is undecided about or does not care about a topic

Answer 7

Neutral audience

Question 8

strategies that you can use to get more information about your audience’s knowledge, experience, expectations, and attitudes, both before and during your presentation

Answer 8

Audience analysis

Question 9

data related to characteristics of people’s identities such as age, gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, education level, country of origin, immigration status, occupation, socioeconomic status, political affiliation, religious affiliation, languages spoken, and other types of information that provide some insight into your audience’s background and potential experiences

Answer 9

Demographics

Question 10

a questionnaire that includes closed-ended and/or open-ended questions that give insight about another person’s knowledge, experience, attitudes, and beliefs

Answer 10

Survey

Question 11

objects or images that communicate something about the values, beliefs, practices, norms, or history of the person or group with whom you are speaking

Answer 11

Artifacts

Question 12

someone within the organization or group who can tell you about your audience

Answer 12

Informant

Question 13

watching your audience for nonverbal cues that indicate their level of interest in your topic and their reactions to the arguments that you are making

Answer 13

Direct Observation

Question 14

asking your audience to respond to a question during your presentation and then immediately incorporating that information into your speech

Answer 14

Polling your audience

Question 15

a type of speech that is primarily focused explaining or teaching about people, objects, events, processes, or ideas to achieve shared understanding

Answer 15

Informative speech

Question 16

a type of speech focused on trying to change your audience’s attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors

Answer 16

Persuasive speech

Question 17

a type of speech to memorialize, celebrate, or pay tribute to a special occasion, event, or person

Answer 17

Commemorative speech

Question 18

oral communication delivered in contexts in which a great deal of planning, research, and polish are expected, such as class presentations, campaign speeches, wedding toasts, eulogies, and commencement addresses

Answer 18

Formal speaking

Question 19

speaking for which little preparation is expected or even possible

Answer 19

informal speaking

Question 20

oral communication that does not require research or practice prior to delivery

Answer 20

impromptu speaking

Question 21

speech opening that draws an audience in and sets the stage for the speech

Answer 21

Introduction

Question 22

the first thing said when beginning a speech to capture an audience’s attention and interest in a speech

Answer 22

Attention getter

Question 23

telling the first part of a narrative as the attention-getter at the beginning of a speech and telling the remainder of the story as the closer at the end of a speech

Answer 23

Book end narrative

Question 24

information given in the introduction to help an audience understand the topic

Answer 24

Background

Question 25

information or framing in the introduction that helps an audience to understand the significance of the topic and why they should care about the topic

Answer 25

Audience relevance

Question 26

part of the introduction in which the speaker shares why the audience should trust the speaker as a source of information

Answer 26

speaker credibility

Question 27

When a speaker uses evidence and cites experts who have strong credibility on a subject to enhance the speaker’s own credibility on their topic

Answer 27

borrowed credibility

Question 28

a carefully formulated, one-sentence summary of your entire speech

Answer 28

thesis statement

Question 29

part of an introduction that tells the audience the main points in the speech and the order that each main point will be discussed

Answer 29

preview main points

Question 30

transition words that help to distinguish between points, show relationships between ideas, and indicate the direction in a speech for the audience; examples of signposts include words such as first, second, third, next, finally, in conclusion, etc.

Answer 30

Signposts

Question 31

part of the speech where a speaker shares the majority of the information with the audience

Answer 31

Body

Question 32

completely separate, not overlapping

Answer 32

Mutually exclusive

Question 33

separate arguments that support each main point

Answer 33

subpoints

Question 34

a statement that is used between main points that includes a summary of the previous point, a signpost, and a preview of the next point

Answer 34

Transition

Question 35

type of speech organization where main points are discussed in the order that they occur in time

Answer 35

chronological pattern of organization

Question 36

type of speech organization used to describe how one set of events led to another set of events

Answer 36

cause-effect pattern of organization

Question 37

type of speech organization where main points are discussed in the way that objects are laid out in a physical space or the way that someone might move through a physical or geographical space

Answer 37

spatial pattern of organization

Question 38

type of speech organization where the speaker explains a problem in the first main point, and then describes a solution or set of solutions in the second main point

Answer 38

problem-solution pattern of organization

Question 39

type of speech organization where the problem is discussed in the first main point, and the second main point is used to describe the underlying causes of the problem

Answer 39

problem-cause-solution pattern of organization

Question 40

type of speech organization typically used to compare two different options and to persuade the audience that one of the options is a better choice than the other

Answer 40

comparative advantage pattern of organization

Question 41

persuasive organizational pattern in which your solution is presented in the introduction, and the three main points present compelling arguments in support of your proposed solution

Answer 41

argumentative pattern of organization

Question 42

type of speech organization frequently used for persuasive speeches in which the speaker is trying to convince the audience to take a particular course of action; Monroe’s Motivated Sequence includes five steps: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

Answer 42

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Question 43

type of speech organization in which the speaker divides the speech into main points that are separate topics or arguments that support the thesis

Answer 43

topical pattern of organization

Question 44

the final part of a speech in which the speaker summarizes everything said and ends with an impact; the conclusion contains four parts: a signal that the speech is concluding, a restated thesis, a review of main points, and a powerful closer

Answer 44

conclusion

Question 45

after the body of the speech and lets the audience know the speech is coming to an end

Answer 45

signal transition to conclusion

Question 46

part of the conclusion that reminds the audience of the previously stated thesis statement

Answer 46

restated thesis

Question 47

after the restatement of the thesis, an overview of the main speech points presented

Answer 47

review of main points

Question 48

statement at the end of the speech that wraps up the speech while making an impact on the audience

Answer 48

closer

Question 49

well-organized speaking notes that guide the speaker in preparation and presentation; the three most popular types of speaking outlines are full manuscripts, full sentence outlines, and key word outlines

Answer 49

Outline

Question 50

a written document that has every word that you plan to say scripted in paragraphs

Answer 50

Full manuscript

Question 51

includes every word that you plan to say during your speech, but it is organized into an outline format that clearly delineates each part of the speech

Answer 51

full sentence outline

Question 52

an abbreviated outline that includes only a minimal amount of detail to help remind you of your main points and sources

Answer 52

key word outline

Question 53

the outlining process where ideas are organized into a hierarchy

Answer 53

principle of subordination

Question 54

the idea that if a main point is divided into subpoints, it must be divided into two or more subpoints

Answer 54

principle of division

Question 55

the intention that all information that is on the same level in the outline (with the same symbols and indentations) should have the same level of importance

Answer 55

principle of coordination

Question 56

types of evidence that will allow you to give clear explanations and build solid arguments; can include numbers and statistics, definitions and explanations, examples and nonexamples, narratives, and testimonies

Answer 56

support materials

Question 57

types of quantitative (numerical) data that can be used to show how frequently an event or encounter happens, how likely someone is to be impacted by a problem, or the scope of an issue

Answer 57

numbers and statistics

Question 58

raw quantitative data

Answer 58

Numbers

Question 59

summaries of quantitative data that make it easier to visualize and understand the information being shared, and include averages, standard deviations, percentages, ratios, fractions, and other calculated summaries

Answer 59

statistics

Question 60

types of qualitative information that helps an audience to have a basic understanding of an object, concept, place, process, event, or other construct

Answer 60

definitions and explanations

Question 61

an object, experience, narrative, historical moment, feeling, occurrence, or something else that fits into a category in order to provide a sample for clarity, explanation, or comparison

Answer 61

Example