Tests reachability
Ping - icmp
Determines the route a packet takes (amount of hops)
Tracert for windows
Traceroute for Linux and Mac OS
Trace route
Lookup info from DNS servers
Nslookup (windows and Linux)
Dig (Mac OS)
Lookup network info such as IP
Ipconfig (windows)
Ifconfig (Linux and Mac OS)
Uh
Iptables
Network statistics
Netstat -a shows all active connections
Netstat -b shows binaries
Netstat -n shows active connections without resolving names
Netstat
Huh
Tcpdump
Combines ping and trace route in windows
Pathping
Network mapper
Nmap
View devices routing table
Route print
View arp table
ARP -a