common bone and joint problems

Question 1

what are common types of stress on bone?

Answer 1

-torsion (rotating stress)
-fracture associated with bending force
-compression stress (squashing)
-shear stress

Question 2

describe examples of typical bone fractures

Answer 2

-greenstick
-torsion force = spiral fracture
-comminuted fracture - multiple fracture
-transverse fracture
-compound - fractures & displaced

Question 3

what is the main disease affecting joints?

Answer 3

-arthritis
-has many other forms eg osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Question 4

compare osteoarthritis with rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 4

osteology - wear and tear, lubricating / synovial fluid covering has worn away - causing bone on bone
-rhematoid - autoimmune disease

Question 5

what is the simplest form of bone fracture repair?

Answer 5

to re-align the bone and allow natural bone growth to cause the broken bone to fuse together

Question 6

why could injuries result from poor lifting - ie not bending knees when picking something up off the ground?

Answer 6

• pivot point is at the base of your spine
  -if you bend with more form (not bend knees etc), you have your body weight and the weight of the object being carried
  -the lower back muscles then have to generate a huge force in order to lift a weight

Question 7

what is the correct method of lifting in order to balance the 2 torques?

Answer 7

• maintain natural curve of spine
  -keep weight close to body
  -bend knees
  reduce all the distances of the forces, which reduces the load torque, therefore the torque that the muscles need to generate is much lower