1
Q
Headache ddx
A
- Tension
- Migraine
- Cluster
- Sinusitis
- Meningitis/Encephalitis/Intracranial or epidural abscess
- Tumor/Malignancy
- SAH/brain bleed
- Pseudotumor cerebri
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- CNS vasculitis; temporal arteritis
2
Q
Confusion/memory loss ddx
A
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Vascular dementia
- NPH
- Creutzfeld-Jacob
- hypoglycemia
- chronic subdural
- delirium
- wernicke’s encephalopathy
- intracranial tumor
3
Q
Wernicke’s enchephalopaty
A
- thiamine deficiency
- common @ alcoholics/malnourished
- oculomotor sx (nystagmus, rectus palsies, etc), confusion, ataxia
4
Q
Dizziness ddx
A
- labrynthitis
- meniere’s disease
- orthostatic hypotension
- BPV
- vestibular neuronitis
- vertebrobasilar insufficiency
5
Q
Meniere’s disease
A
- hearing loss, episodic vertigo, and tinnitus caused by endolyph drops in labrynth
- tests: VDRL/RPR, audiometry, vestibular testing, and MRI to rule out other causes of symptoms
6
Q
Potential tests/workup for dizziness/hearing loss
A
Electronystagmography
audiogram
7
Q
Vestibular neuronitis vs. Labryinthitis
A
- both dizziness/nausea after URI
- vestibular neuronitis = no hearing loss
- labrynthitis = hearing loss
8
Q
LOC ddx
A
- seizure
- syncope/vasovagal/orthostatic hypotension => syncope
- cardiac arrhythmia
- stroke
- MI
- PE
- substance abuse/OD
9
Q
Numbness/weakness ddx
A
- TIA
- Stroke
- neuropathy: DM, B12, etoh
- MS
- seizure/Todd’s paralysis
- GBS
- myasthenia gravis
10
Q
Fatigue/sleepiness ddx
A
- hypothyroidism
- sleep apnea
- psych
- malignancy
- DM
- insomnia/sleep deprivation
- psych
- anemia
11
Q
Sore throat ddx
A
- infectious mono
- pharyngitis (viral vs. bacteria)
- strep tonsillitis
- acute HIV
12
Q
Cough/SOB ddx
A
- viral URI
- bronchitis
- COPD/COPD exacerbation
- PNA/Lung abscess/atypical PNA
- TB
- Malignancy
- CHF
- GERD
- UACS (post-nasal)
- reactive airway/asthma
13
Q
Chest pain DDx
A
- serious six: MI, PE, aortic dissection, Pericard, Esoph rupture, PTX
- pleuritic/cough-assoc.
- PNA/lung abscess
- costochondritis
- GERD
- angina
14
Q
Palpitations DDx
A
- cardiac arrhythmia
- hypoglycemia
- pheochromocytoma
- carcinoid syndrome
- hyperthyroidism
- panic attacks
15
Q
Weight Loss DDx
A
- hyperthyroidism
- malignancy
- TB
- HIV
- malabsorption
- diet/anorexia
16
Q
Weight gain DDx
A
- hypothyroidism
- smoking cessation
- cushing’s
- PCOS
- depression
17
Q
Dysphagia DDx
A
- GERD
- esophagitis
- malignancy/tumor
- achalasia
- esophageal stricture
18
Q
Potential tests for dysphagia workup
A
- CXR
- barium swallow
- esophageal manometry
- Endoscopy
- ?CBC
19
Q
N/V DDx
A
- viral gastroenteritis
- pregnancy
- gastritis
- hypercalcemia
- diabetes mellitus
20
Q
Abdominal Pain DDx
A
- gastroenteritis (viral, bacterial, parasitic)
- cholecystitis
- pancreatitis
- appendicitis
- SBO
- nephrolithiasis
- pyelonephritis
- malignancy (pancreatic, gastric, colon)
- constipation
- PUD/gastritis
- diverticulitis
- chron’s, UC
- IBS
- mesenteric ischemia
- hepatitis
- ascending cholangitis
- splenic rupture
- ovarian torsion/ectopic pregnancy/ruptured ovarian cyst
- PID
21
Q
Constipation DDx
A
- Dietary
- Hypothyroid
- Drug-induced
- colon cancer
- bowel obstruction
- IBS
22
Q
Diarrhea DDx
A
- IBD
- gastroenteritis
- celiac disease
- lactose intolerance
- chronic pancreatitis
- IBS
- C. diff (watery)
23
Q
Upper GI bleeding DDx
A
- bleeding peptic ulcer
- gastritis
- gastric cancer
- MW tear
- esophageal varices
24
Q
Blood in Stool DDx
A
- malignancy
- hemorrhoids
- diverticulosis
- ischemic bowel disease
- IBD
- UGI bleed
- anal fissure
- bacterial gastroenteritis
25
Hematuria DDx
- UTI
- bladder cancer/renal cell carcinoma
- nephrolithiasis
- polycystic kidney disease
- acute glomerulonephritis
- pyelonephritis
26
Urinary Sx DDx
- UTI = urethritis, cystitis, prostatis
- BPH
- Prostate cancer
- pyelonephritis
- renal cell carcinoma
27
Erectile Dysfxn DDx
- drug-related ED
- ED caused by HTN
- ED caused by DM
- psychogenic ED
- peyronie's disease
28
Amenorrhea DDx
- pregnancy
- PCOS
- anovulatory cycle
- thyroid disease
- hyperprolactinemia
- primary amenorrhea/DSD
- menopause
- sheehan's syndrome
29
Vaginal Bleeding DDx
- dysfxnal uterine bleeding
- coag d/o (VWB)
- SAB
- molar preg/ectopic preg
- malignancy: cervical, endometrial
- PID/cervicitis
30
Vaginal Discharge DDx
- bacterial vaginitis
- candidal vaginitis
- trichomonal vaginitis
- cervicitis (chlamydia, gonorrhea)
31
Dyspareunia DDx
- menopause/atrophic vaginitis
- endometriosis
- vaginismus
- cervicitis
32
Joint Pain DDx
- trauma
- OA
- autoimmune joint disease/RA/SLE
- gout
- septic arthritis
- reactive arthritis/disseminated gonorrhea
33
Limb Pain DDx
- trauma
- domestic violence
- stress fracture
- osteomyelitis
- plantar fascitis
- peripheral vascular
- DVT
- cellulitis
- rhabdomyolysis
34
Shoulder pain ddx
- fracture
- rotator cuff strain/tear
- impingement
- AC joint separation
- subluxation/dislocation
35
Elbow pain
- lateral epicondylitis
| - stress fx
36
Wrist pain
- fracture
| - carpal tunnel
37
Low back pain
- lumbar muscle strain
- lumbar spinal stenosis
- disk herniation
- vertebral compression fracture
- AAA
- ankylosing spondylitis
38
Child with fever
- UTI
- meningitis
- PNA
- neonatal sepsis
- acute otitis media
- strep pharyngitis
- measles
- gastroenteritis
USMLE Step 2 CS
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