Medication Administration > Common Medications > Flashcards

Common Medications Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA): PO

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Antipyretic
  • Non-opioid analgesic

Pharmacological Class

  • Salicytes

Common Indications

  • Treatment of inflammatory disorders
  • Mild to moderate pain
  • Fever
  • Prophylaxis of transient ischemic attacks and MIs

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Monitor hepatic functionand for hepatoxicity
  • Monitor lab values such as AST, ALT, and serum phosphate
    • GI Bleeding
  • Caution patietns to avoid concurrent use of alcohol to minimize GI upset
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2
Q

Acetaminiphen with Codeine: 30 mg PO

*High Alert

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Opioid analgesic

Pharmacology Class

  • Antipyretic

Common Indications

  • Mild to moderate pain
  • Fever

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Monitor liver function
  • Assess level of sedation
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3
Q

Acyclovir: IV

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Antivirals

Pharmacology Class

  • Purine anatologues

Common Indications

  • Treatment of genital herpes and herpes simplex encephalitis

Nursing Responsibilites

  • Assess lesisions
  • Monitor neurologic status in patients with herpes encephalitis
  • Maintain adequate hydration
  • Advise patient that no sexual contact should occur while lesions are present
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4
Q

Albuterol (Sulbutamol/ Ventolin): Nebulizer

A

Therpapeutic Class

  • Bronchodilator

Pharmacology Class

  • Adrenergic

Common Indications

  • Treatment or prevention of bronchospasm
  • in asthma or COPD

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Assess lung sounds, pulse, and BP
  • Observe for paradoxical bronchospasm (wheezing)
    • Withhold medication
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5
Q

Amlodipine: PO

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Antihypertensive

Pharmacology Class

  • Calcium channel blockers

Common Indications

  • Managment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and vasopastic angina

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Monitor BP and pulse
  • Monitor ins and outs
  • Assess for signs of HF
  • Caution patient to change position slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension
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6
Q

Atrovastatin (Lipitor): PO

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Lipid-lowering agent

Pharmacology Class

  • HMG coa reductase inhibitor

Common Indications

  • Managment of hypercholesterolemia
  • Prevention of CAD in patients with increased LDL and decreased HDL

Nursing Respoinsibilites

  • Obtain a diet history, especially regarding to fat consumption
  • Check CPK levels if patient develops muscle tenderness during therapy
    • If >10 times = discontinue
  • Avoid grapefruit juice during therapy
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7
Q

Aspart (Novorapid)

*High Alert

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Antidiabetic

Pharmacology Class

  • Pancreatics

Common Indication

  • Control of hyperglycemia in Type 1 and 2 DM

Nursing Responsibilites

  • Assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia
    • Anxiety, restlessness, tingling at extremities, chills, confusion, excessive hunger, and headach
  • Asess for symptoms of hyperglycemia
    • Excessive thirst, fruit breath, fatigue, increased urination
  • Monitor blood glucose
  • Instruct patient on signs and symptoms of hypoglycemmia and hyperglycemia
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8
Q

Budesomide (Pulmicort): Nebulizer

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Anti-Inflammatories

Pharmacology Class

  • Corticosteroids

Common Indications

  • Maintenance treatment and prophylaxis therapy of asthma.

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Monitor respiratory status and lung sounds
  • Advise patient to notify HCP if signs if anaphylaxis occur
  • Notify patient to rinse mouth after use
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9
Q

Calcium Glucomate: IV

*High Alert

A

Therapeutic Class

  • PMineral and electrolyte repalcements

Common Indications

  • Treatment and prevention of hypoglacemia
  • Emrgency treatment of hyperkalemia an dhypermagnesemia and adjunct in cardiac arrest or calclium channel blocking agent toxicity

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Monitor BP, pulse, and ECG
    • May cause vasodilation resulting with hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest
  • Assess for signs of toxicity
    • Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, thirst, braducardia, severe consipation, and peralytic ileus
  • Administer slowly, high consentration may cause cardiac arrest.
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10
Q

Captopril: PO

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Anti-hypertensive

Pharmacology Class

  • Ace Inhibitor

Common Indications

  • Managment of HF
  • Post MI therapy
  • Treatment of nephropathy in patients with Type 1 DM of retinopathy

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Monitor BP, pulse and ECG frequently
  • Assess for angioedema
    • Swelling of face, extremities, eyes, lips, and tongue
    • Difficulty breathing
  • Monitor weight and assess for fluid overload
  • Monitor CBC
  • Monitor ins and outs
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11
Q

Cefazolin: IV

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Anti-infective

Pharmacology Class

  • First generation cephalosporins

Common Indications

  • Treatment of crtain infections
  • Perioperative prophylaxis

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Observe for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis
  • Monitor bowel function
    • Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever and blood stools are sings of CDAD
  • Assess for skin rash
  • Assess for infection
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12
Q

Cetraxone: IV

A

Therpaeutic Class

  • Anti-infective

Pharmacology Class

  • Third generation cephalosporins

Common Indications

  • Treatment of certain bacterial infections
  • Perioperative prophylaxis

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Assess for infection
  • Observe for signs of anaphylaxis
  • Assess for skin rash
  • Monitor bowel function
    • Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever and blood stools are sings of CDAD
  • Monitor injection site for phlebitis
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13
Q

Ciprofloxacin: IV

A

Therpaeutic Class

  • Anti-infective

Pharmacology Class

  • Fluoroquinolones

Common Indications

  • Treatment of certain bacterial infections
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis of inhalation anthrax
  • Treatment and priphylaxis of the plague

Nursing Responsibilites

  • Observe for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis
  • Monitor bowel function, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever and blood stools
  • Assess for skin rash
  • Assess for infection
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14
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix): PO

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Antuplatelet agent

Pharmacology Class

  • Platelet aggregation inhibitors

Common Indications

  • Acute coronary syndrom
  • Patients with established peripheral arterial disease, recent MI or recent stroke

Nursing Responsibilites

  • Assess for signs of peripheral arterial disease, MI and stroke
  • Monitor for thrombotic thrombocytic purpura
  • Monitor bleeding time during therapy
  • Monitor CBC
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15
Q

Combivent Nebulizer (Albuterol and Intrapropium)

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Bronchodilator
  • Adrenergic

Common Indications

  • Treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in asthma or COPD

Nursing Responsibilites

  • Assess lung sounds, pulse and BP
  • Observe for paradoxial bronchospasm (wheexing)
    • Withhold medication
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16
Q

Dexamethasone: PO/IV

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Anti-inflammatory

Pharmacology Class

  • Corticosteroids

Common Indications

  • Wide variety of chronic diseases, such as inflammatory, allergic, endocrine and autoimmune

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Monitor intake and output ratios
  • Take daily weights
  • Observe for peripheral edema, steady weight gain, reales/ cracklers and/or dyspnea
  • Assess for signs of adreanl insufficency
    • Hypotension, weight loss, weakness, nausea, vomiting
  • Instruct patient to report severe abdominal pain and tarry stools
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17
Q

Digoxin: PO/IV

*High Alert

A

Therpaeutic Class

  • Antiarrhythmics
  • Inotropics

Pharmacology Class

  • Digitalis glycosides

Common Indications

  • Heart failure
  • Arterial fibrillation and artierial flutter
  • Paroxysmal arterial tachycardia

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Monitor apical pulse
    • Withhold if rate is less than 60 bpm for adult, 70 bpm for child, and 90 bpm for infant
  • Monitor BP and ECG
  • Teach patient to take pulse and to notify doctor if heart rate is less than 60 bpm per minute or above 100 bpm
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18
Q

Dimenhydrinate (Gravol): IV

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Antihistamine
  • Antiemetic

Common Indications

  • Nausea, vomiting, dizziness and vertigo accompanying motion sickness

Nursing Responsibilites

  • Assess nausea, vomiting, bowel sounds, and abdominal pain
  • Monitor intak and output
  • May cause drowsiness, caution patient to avoit OTC cougha nd cold products while breasfeeding or to children under 4 years old
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19
Q

Enalapril: PO

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Antihypertensive

Pharmacology Class

  • Ace Inhibitor

Common Indications

  • Managment of hypertension and HF

Nursing Responsibilites

  • Monitor BP and pulse
  • Assess for signs of angioedema
    • Swelling of face, extremities, eyes, lips and tongue
    • Difficultiy swallowing and breathing
  • Monitor weight and for fluid overload
  • Monitor CBC
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20
Q

Enoxaparin: SC

*High Alert

A

Therpaeutic Class

  • Anticoagulant

Pharmacology Class

  • Antithrombotic
  • Low molecular weight heparin

Common Indications

  • Prevention of VTE, DVT, and PE
  • Treatment of DVT with or without PE
  • Prevention of ischemic complictions from unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation MI
  • Treatment ofa cute ST-segment-elevation MI

Nursing Responsibilites

  • Assess for bleeding
  • Alternate injection site
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21
Q

Epinephrine: IM

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Antiasthmatic
  • Bronchodilator
  • Vasopressor

Pharmacology Class

  • Adrenergic

Common Indications

  • Severe allergic reactions

Nursing Responsibilites

  • Observe for paradoxical bronchospasm
    • Withhold medication
  • Assess lung sounds, respiratory pattern, pulse and BP
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22
Q

Fentanyl Patch (Duragesie)

*High Alert

A

Therapeutic Class

  • Opioid analgesic

Parmacology Class

  • Opioid agonists

Common Indications

  • Moderate to severe chronic pain

Nursing Responsibilites

  • Assess BP, pulse and respirations
    • If respiration is <10 minutes, assess levle of sedtion
  • Assess risk for opioid addiction abuse or misuse prior to adminsitration
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23
Q

Fluoxtine (Prozac): PO

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A

Therapeutic Class

  • Antidepresant

Pharmacology Class

  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Common Indications

  • Major depressive disorder
  • OCD
    Bulimia nervosa
  • Panic disorder
  • Acute tratment of depressive episodes assocaited with bipolar 1

Nursing Responsibilites

  • Assess for suicidal thoughts
  • Monitor development of neuroleptic malignant syndrom
  • Assess for serotonin syndrom
24
Q

Furosemid (Lasix): PO/IV

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A

Therapeutic Class

  • Diuretic

Pharmacology Class

  • Loop diuretic

Common INdications

  • Edema duet o HF, hepatic impairment or renal disease
  • Hypertension

Nursing Responsibilities

  • Assess fluid status
  • Monitor daily weight, intake and output ratios, amount and location of edema, lungs sounds, skin tugor, and mucus membrains
  • Assess for rash
  • Monitor BP and pulse
25
Gabapentin: PO
Therapeutic Class * Anticonvulsant * Mood stabilizer Common Indications * Partial seizures * Postherpeutic neurlagia * Restless leg syndrome Nursing Responsibilites * Monitor for changes in behavior that can indicate suicidal thoughts, depression, or changes in mood
26
Glucagon: SC/IM
Therapeutic Classs * Hormones Pharmacology Class * Pancreatic Common Indications * Acute managment of severe hypoglycemia Nursing Responsibilites * Assess for signs of hypoglycemia * Assess nutritonal status * Lack of liver glycogen stores will require glucos insted of glucagon * Assess neurological status
27
Glyburide: PO ## Footnote **\*High Alert**
Therapeutic Class * Antidiabetic Pharmacology Class * Sulfonylureas Common Indications * Control of blood sugars in type 2 DM when diet therapy fails. * Requries some pancreatic function Nursing Responsibilities * Observe for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemic reactions * Sweating, hunger, weakness, dizziness, tremor, tachycardia, anxiety * Monitor CBC * Report decreased blood counts
28
Heparin: SC/IV ## Footnote **\*High Alert**
Therapeutic Class * Anticoagulant Pharmacology Class * Antithrombotic Common Indications * Prophylaxis and treatment of VTE, PE, afib with enbolization Nursing Responsibilities * Assess for signs of bleeding and hemorrage * Monitor platelet count every 2-3 days during therapy * Advise patient to report any signs of bleeding or bruising
29
Humulin N (Novolin N): SC ## Footnote **\*High Alert**
Therapeutic Class * Antidiabetic * Hormones Pharmacology Class * Pancreatic Common Indications * Controls of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes Nursing Responsibilites * Assess for hypoglycemia * Mild toxicity is treated with oral glucose * Severe toxicity is an emergency and is treated with IV glucose, glucagon, or epi. * Instruct patient on signs of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
30
Humulin R (Novolin R): SC ## Footnote **\*High Alert**
Therapeutic Class * Antidiabetic * Hormones Pharmacology Class * Pancreatic Common Indications * Controls of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes Nursing Responsibilites * Assess for hypoglycemia * Mild toxicity is treated with oral glucose * Severe toxicity is an emergency and is treated with IV glucose, glucagon, or epi. * Instruct patient on signs of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
31
Hydralazine (Apresoline): PO/IV
Therapeutic Class * Antihypertensives Pharmacology Class * Vasodilators Common Indications * Moderate to severe hypertension Nursing Responsibilites * Monitor BP and pulse * Advise patient to weigh themselves twice wekly and assess feet and ankles for fluid retention
32
Lorazepam (Ativan): SL/IV
Therapeutic Class * Analgesic adjuncts * Antianxiety agents * Sedative/hypnotics Pharmacology Class * Benzodiazepines Common Indications * Anxiety disorder * Status epilepticus Nursing Responsibilities * Adminsiter at a rate not to exceed 2mg/min or 0.05 mg/kg over 2-5 minutes * Rapid IV administration may result in apna, hypotension, bradycardia, or cardiac arrest
33
Levothroxine: PO
Therapeutic Class * Hormones Pharmacology Class * Thyroid preparations Common Indications * Thyroid supplementation in hypothyroids * Treatment or suppression of eutyroid goiters Nursing Responsibilites * Assess apical pulse and BP * Assess for tachyarrhythmias and chest pain
34
Ketorolac (Toradol): IV
Therapeutic Class * Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent * Non-opioid analgsic Pharmacology Class * Pyrroziline carboxylic acid Common Indications * Short term managment of pain * Not to exceed 5 day Nursing Responsibilities * Patients who have asthma, aspring- induced allergy, and nasal polyps are at increased risk for hypresensitivity reactions * Assess for rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria * Assess for rash * Advise patient to avoid concurrent use of alcohol, asprin, NSAIDs, acetaminophen
35
Lorsartan: PO
Therapeutic Class * Antihypertensive Pharmacology Class * Angiotension II receptor * Antagonist Common Indications * Managment of hypertension * Treatment of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes * Prevention of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy Nursing Responsibilites * Assess for signs of angio edema
36
Insulin Lispro (Humalong): SC ## Footnote **\*High Alert**
Therapeutic Class * Antidiabetic * Hormones Pharmacology Class * Pancreatics Common Indications * Control of hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes Nursing Responsibilites * Assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia * Restlessness, tingling at extremities, chills, cold sweats, confusion, pale skin, drowsinness, excessive hunger, headache * Monitor body weight * Monitor blood glucose * Instruct patient on sings of hypoglycemia
37
Insulin Glargine (Lantus): SC ## Footnote **\*High Alert**
Therapeutic Class * Antidiabetic * Hormones Pharmacology Class * Pancreatics Common Indications * Control of hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes Nursing Responsibilites * Assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia * Restlessness, tingling at extremities, chills, cold sweats, confusion, pale skin, drowsinness, excessive hunger, headache * Monitor body weight * Monitor blood glucose * Instruct patient on sings of hypoglycemia
38
Insulin Detemir (Levemir) ## Footnote **\*High Alert**
Therapeutic Class * Antidiabetic * Hormones Pharmacology Class * Pancreatics Common Indications * Control of hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes Nursing Responsibilites * Assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia * Restlessness, tingling at extremities, chills, cold sweats, confusion, pale skin, drowsinness, excessive hunger, headache * Monitor body weight * Monitor blood glucose * Instruct patient on sings of hypoglycemia
39
Ibuprofen (Advil): PO
Therapeutic Class * Antipyretic * Antirheumatic * Nonopioid analgesic * Nonstereidal anti-inflamamtory agent Pharmacology Class * Nonopioid analgesic Common Indications * Treatment of mild to moderate pain and fever * Treatment of inflamamtory disorders Nursing Responsibilities * Assess for asthma, rhinits and urticaria * Increased risk for hypersensitivity * Assess for skin rash * Advise patient that alcohol increases risk of GI bleeding * Advise patient to report if rash, itching, visual disturbances, edema, weight gain, epigastric pain or bleeding occurs
40
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid): IV **\*High Alert**
Therapeutic Class * Allregy, cold and cough remedies * Opioid analgesic Pharmacology Class * Opioid agonists Common Indications * Moderate to severe pain Nursing Responsibilites * Assess BP, pulse and respirations * If respiration rate is \<10 minutes, assess level of sedation * Assess risk for opioid addiction, abuse or misuse prior to adminstration * Rapid adminsitration may lead to respiratory depression, hypotension and circulatory collapse
41
Hydrochlorothiazide: PO
Therapeutic Class * Antuhypertensive * Diuretic Pharmacology Class * Thiazide diuretic Common Indications * Managment of mild to moderate hypertension * Treatment of edema associated with HF, renal dysunction, cirrhosis and estrogen therapy
42
Nifidipine: IV
Therapeutic Class * Antianginal * Antihypertensive Pharmacology Class * Claclium channel blockers Common Indications * Managment of hypertension * Managment of angina pectoris * Managment of vasopastic angina Nursing Responsibilities * Monitor ECG during prolonged therapy * Monitor intake and output ratios and daily weight * Assess for signs of HF * Assess for rash
43
Naproxen: PO
Therapeutic Class * Nonopioid analgsic * Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent * Antupyretics Common Indications * Moderate to mild pain * Fever * Dysmenorrhea * Inflamatory disroder Nursing Responsibilties * Assess for rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria * Assess for rash * Advise patient that alcohol (3 or more glasses a day) increases risk for GI bleed
44
Morphine: IV/PO **\*High Alert**
Therapeutic Class * Opioid analgesics Pharmacology Class * Opioid agonists Common Indications * Severe pain * Pulmonary edema * Pain associated with MI Nursing Responsibilities * Assess levle of consciousness, BP, pulse and respirations * If respirations are less then 10, assess level of sedaition * Rapid adminstration may lead to respiratory depression, hypotension, and circulatory collapse
45
Midazolam: IV ## Footnote **\*High Alert**
Therpaeutic Class * Antianxiety agents * Sedative/ hypnotics Pharmacology Class * Benzodiazepines Common Indications * Perioperative sedation * Aids in anesthesia, status epilepticus and anti-anxiety Nursing Responsibilities * Monitor BP, pulse and respirations
46
Metronidazole (Flagy): IV
Therpaeutic Class * Antiinfectives * Antiprotozoals * Antiulcer agents Common Indications * Treatment of amaerobic infections Nursing Responsibilities * Assess for rash * Advise patient to notify HCP if rash occurs
47
Metoprolol: PO/IV **\*High Alert**
Therpaeutic Class * Antianginals * Antihypertensive Pharmacology Class * Beta Blockers Common Indications * Hypertension * Angina pectoris * Prevention of MI and dedreased mortality in patients with recent MI Nursing Responsibilities * Monitor BP, pulse and ECG * Monitor intake and output ratios and daily weights * Monitor for signs of HF * Take apical pulse before adminsitrating, if less than 50 bpm, withold and notify Dorctor * Do not abruptly stop medication
48
Metformin: PO
Therpaeutic Class * Antidiabetics Pharmacology Class * Biguamides Common Indications * Managment if type 2 diabetes Nursing Responsibilities * Assess for ketoacidosis or lacti acidosis * Assess serume lectrolytes, ketones, glucose, blood pH, lactale, pyruvate, and metformin levles * Discontinue if either form of acidosis is present
49
Meropenem: IV
Therpaeutic Class * Anti-infective Pharmacology Class * Carbapenem Common Indications * Treatment of intra-abdominal infections * Treatment of bacterial meningitis * Treatment of skin infections Nursing Responsibilities * Monitor bowel function * Diarrhea, abdominal craming, fever, and bloody stools should be reported * Observe for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis * Monitor for signs and symptoms of DRESS * Fever, rash, facial swelling
50
Mannitol: IV
Therpaeutic Class * Diuretics Pharmacology Class * Osmotic diuretics Common Indications * Treatment of: * Acute oliguric renal fialure * edema * Increased intra-cranial or intraocular pressure * Toxic overdose Nursing Responsibilities * Monitor viral signs, urine output, CVP and pulmonary artery pressure * Monitor neurologic status and intracranial pressure
51
Magnesium Sulfate: IV ## Footnote **\*High Alert**
Therpaeutic Class * Mineral and electrolyte * Replacment/ Supplements Pharmacology Class * Minerals electrolytes Common Indications * Treatment of hypomagnesemia * Treatment of hypertension * Prevention of seizures assocaited with severe eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, or acute nephritis Nursing Responsibilities * Monitor BP, pulse, ECG and respirations * Respirations should be 16/minute before each dose * Monitor neurologic status
52
Prednisone (Rayos, Sterapred, Winipred): PO
Therapeutic Class * Anti-inflammatories * Immune modifiers Common Indications * Used for wide variety of chronic diseases * Inflammatory * Allergic * Hematologic * Neiplastic * Autoummine disorders Nursing Responsibilites * Assess for adreanl insufficiency * Hypotension, anorexia, vomiting, weakness * Monitor intake and output ratios and daily weights * Inform patient to notify doctor if severe abdomonal pain or tarry stoll occur *
53
Pottassium Chloride (KCL): PO/IV ## Footnote **\*High Alert**
Therapeutic Class * Mineral and electorlyte replacments and/or supplements Common Indications * Treatment/ precention of pottassium depletion Nursing Responsibilities * Assess for hypokalemia and hyperkalemia * Monitor BP, pulse, and ECG during IV therapy * Adminsiter slowly (IV)
54
Polyethylene Glycol (Lax-A-Day): PO
Therapeutic Class * Laxative Phamacology Class * Osmotics Common Indications * Treatment of constipation Nursing Responsibilites * Monitor for pain and abdominal distention
55
Phenytoin (Dilantin): PO/IV
Therapeutic Class * Anticonvulsant Pharmacology Class * Hydantoins Common Indications * Treatment/ prevention of tonic-clonic seaizures and complex parital seizures Nursing Responsibilites * Assess for emergence or worsening of suicidal thoughts or behavior or dpression * Assess for phenytooin hypersensitivity syndrome * Assess for rash * Assess mental status * Monitor for signs and symptoms of DRESS * Monitor CBC, serum clacium, albumin, and heaptinc function test
Medication Administration
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