Communication and Networking - The Internet

Question 1

What parts make up a web address?

Answer 1

• The protocol being used, which could be HTTP, HTTPS, FTP.
• Domain name, location of the recourse on the internet
• The filename

(http) :// www . (domain) . co . uk . (index.html)

Question 2

Examples of different TLD (Top Level Domains)

Answer 2

.gov = part of the government
.com = commercial
.ac = academic institute
.uk = registered in UK

Question 3

IP address

Answer 3

A dotted quad number that identifies every computer that sends of receives data on a network, and on the internet.

Question 4

DNS

Answer 4

Domain Name System is used to translate human readable domains e.g. amazon into an IP address.

Question 5

Routable vs Non-Routable IP addresses

Answer 5

• Routable IPs are public and can be accessed over the internet, while non-routable IPs (private) are limited to LANs and cannot directly communicate with the internet.
• Routable have to be globally unique, non-routable only have to be unique within that LAN.

Question 6

What is a port?

Answer 6

A port is used to identify a particular process or application on a network, e.g. the SMTP or POP3 application.

Question 7

Describe a port address

Answer 7

It is 16 bits, and is attached to the IP address.

Question 8

What is NAT?

Answer 8

Network address translation, a system used to match up private IP addresses with public ones.A

Question 9

Advantages of NAT

Answer 9

• A unique IP address is not needed for every single device on a network, only on the router/server physically connected to the device.
• Increased security as private IP addresses are not broadcasted over the internet.

Question 10

Port forwarding

Answer 10

Port Forwarding is a networking technique that redirects communication requests from one address and port number to another, usually allowing external devices to connect to devices within a private network. It’s commonly used to allow access to services (like gaming, web servers, or remote desktop) from the internet through a router’s firewall by forwarding specific ports to an internal IP address. This enables the device to be accessible from the outside world while maintaining security within the network.