Competency 4

Question 35

Until the early years of the 20th century Russia was rules by a succssion of _____?

Answer 35

Tsars

Question 36

When were the 2 Russian Revolutions?

Answer 36

1. 1905
2. 1917

Question 37

Russian society was feudalistic and had 3 levels. what were the 3 levels?

Answer 37

Tsar

Rich Nobles

Peasants and Serfs

Question 38

What were the causes of the 1905 Russian Revolution?

Answer 38

1. Discontent of the peasants with social structure, living conditions, and working conditions
2. the Russo-Japanese war caused even more starvation and death to fighting peasants

Question 39

What were the results of the 1905 Russian Revolution?

Answer 39

1. Peasants had strikes against Tsar Nicholas II. He signed October Manifesto, which created a constitutional monarchy, but he went back to abusing his power, which resulted in 1917 revolution

Question 40

What were the causes of the 1917 Russian Revolution?

Answer 40

1. Violation of October Manifesto
2. Defeats in World War I
3. Tsar continued to not meet needs of people
4. Tsar was influence by wife Alexandra and Rasputin (prime minister)
5. World War I caused scarcity of food and extremely high prices

Question 41

How did the Russian Revolution in 1917 begin?

Answer 41

Workers went on strike for food

Tsar ordered troops to suppress but troops joined the workers

Chaos resulted

Lenin, Stalin, Trotski won the support of the peasants (political leaders). Overthrew provisional government and Lenin became leader of new Communist state

Question 42

How did the Russian Revolution of 1917 affect the rest of the world?

Answer 42

Communism spread and Russia took over large parts of the world causing a huge divide between countries who were Communist and countries who were Capitalist until 1980’s when many of these countries formed Democracy’s

Question 43

What was heppening from 1830 to time of World War I 1914?

Answer 43

1. Extradordinary grow of pride in nations
2. Expasion in the United States as part of the Manifest Destiny
3. US in war with Mexico and Spanish-American war and supported Latin American countries in their fight for independence from Spain
4. Latin American colonies successful in getting their independence
5. In Europe, Italy and Germany both became large countries because of uniting smaller states
6. Revolutions in Austia and Hungry
7. Africa was being divided up among the European countries because they were all being taken over
8. European took over Asia except for China, Japan, and Tailand
9. European Imperialism was necessary throughout the world to get the raw materials needed to feed the Industrial revolution

Question 44

What were the causes of World War I 1914-1918?

Answer 44

1. Increase of Nationalism
2. Increase military strength
3. Massive colonization for raw materials
4. Secret Treaties different countries had with other countries

Question 45

What happened in World War I?

Answer 45

1. Arch Duke Ferdinand was assassinated by secret group in Serbia
2. Austia-Hungry gave Serbia an ultimatum which was to discontinue their nationalism movement or Austia-Hunry would declare war on them
3. Serbia got help from Russia
4. Austia-Hngry got help from Germany
5. France was bound by treaty to Russia, went to war against Germany
6. Britain was allied to France and brought in its colonies including Austalia, India, Canada, etc.
7. US president Wilson declared policy of absolute neutrality until Germany sunk Lucitania which threatened America’s shipping and safety
8. Japan was allied with Britain, decalred war on Germany
9. Italy eventually joined Allies (us!)

Question 46

Who were the allies in WWI?

Answer 46

Russia, Japan, Britain, France, US, Italy

Question 47

When did WWI end?

Answer 47

11/11/1918 at 11:00 with signing of Treaty of Versailles. Allies won! sets up WWII because Germany is a mess from WWI

Question 48

What were the results of WWI?

Answer 48

Communists took over Russia

Nationalism increased

Wrold population decreased

millions of people lost homes

cities grew

less social distinction and classes

league of nations formed

Question 49

What is another name for the Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI?

Answer 49

Treaty of Paris

Question 50

What was created by the allies in WWI to ensure peace?

Answer 50

League of Nations

Question 51

What caused WWII from 1939-1945?

Answer 51

1. Economic problems of both winners and losers from first war were never resolved
2. Great Depression of 1930’s
3. Countries that were punished after WWI were built up resentment (revenge)
4. Democratic governments were vulnerable to political movements of nationalism
5. Nationalism grew even stronger in Germany (Hitler)
6. Harsh dictatorships arose in several countries
7. Germany, Japan, & Italy began to expand their borders

Italy- Musalinni

Germany- hitler

Japan- Emperor

Question 52

How many countries were involved in WWII?

Answer 52

59

Question 53

What were the results of WWII?

Answer 53

1. war deaths and destruction more than any other war
2. displaced millions of people (no homes)
3. China became communist along with Eastern European nations
4. Europe divided between East (communist) and West (Capitalist) Couldn’t get into each other’s countries
5. USSR (Soviet Union) spread Communism
6. The World entered nucelar age because of the two atomic bombs dropped in Japan
7. Peace settlement established United Nations

Question 54

Where is the United Nations located?

Answer 54

NYC

Question 55

What was the Korean War about 1950-1953?

Answer 55

After WWII, Korea who was controlled by Japan was settled by the Soviet and US trroops. Soviet (North) US (South). North Korea became communist. South Korea became democratic. Both sides claim the entire country. Then the Communist invaded the South in 1950. US helped to battle north out of south. A truce was created but still not a treaty signed today.

Question 56

What was the Vietnam War about?

Answer 56

1957-1973. US invovlement in the 60’s. Vietnam controlled by French uptil 1946. After WWII, French left and in 1954, country divided into Communist north and Democratic South. Cold war: spies, threats, nuclear war threats (Russia vs. US). America divided in public opions during Vietnam War. Returning vietnams came home to protests instead of cheering

Question 57

What was the Cold War?

Answer 57

stuggle between Communist world (Soviet Union leadership) and non-communist world (Europe and US) without real battle fightiing.

Question 58

Where was Communism in the Western Hemisphere?

Answer 58

Cuba

Question 59

What is Apartheid?

Answer 59

Racial seggregation in South Africa

Question 60

When was apartheid abolished?

Answer 60

early 1990's due to Nelson Mandela's leadership

Question 61

What race were the US and USSR involved in?

Answer 61

race to moon

Question 62

Progress in technology (communication & transporation) drew the world closer. What were some of the results?

Answer 62

1. International space exploration 2. Berlin Wall came down 3. USSR disbanded 4. Common welath of independent states were formed (CIS). Former countries in USSR

Question 63

How did technology affect wars throughout history?

Answer 63

swords, spears,.... muskets/cannons....repeating riffles...automatic weapons...missles/rockets...bombs...atomic bombs

Question 64

What had been the benefits of modern wars (1900 to current)?

Answer 64

plastic invented, electronic devices used in war, now used for medical purposes, radio used for communication, became entertainment for people not in war.

Question 65

What is the saddest part of the Cold War and Arms Race (Fight for who has the most nuclear weapons)?

Answer 65

More time and money has been given to weapons that to helping improve conditions for humans

Question 66

What was a social change after WWII?

Answer 66

people moved from farms to cities and from cities to suburbs. Migrated to where the jobs were.

Question 67

What was the literature of modern history reflecting?

Answer 67

Literature reflects the identity crisis of people trying to find meaning in this new and changing world and the possibility of everyone enjoying basic human rights. In the US, this impacted social reform. (everything is about protection)

Question 68

How has art changed in modern history?

Answer 68

cubism (art done in blocks) (things changing, but coming together) and surrealism (abstract art)

Question 69

What was the changes of religion and philosophy in modern history?

Answer 69

religions became more conservative, however, people had more interest in learning about other's religious beliefs

Question 70

What were some major international conflicts and political revolutions during the 1900's?

Answer 70

1. Mexican Revolution 2. Iranian Revolution 3. Chinese Revolution

Question 71

What was the Mexican Revolution about?

Answer 71

Mexico against Spanish control. Francisco Madero took over Mexico along with Viella and Zapata. There has been conflict since. Mexico independence from Spain.

Question 72

What was the Iranian Revolution about?

Answer 72

1979. transformed a constitutional moarchy led by the Shah (King) and turned into an Islamic extreme fundamentalist rebpublic. Ayatollah (Pastor, Reverand) Khomeini and Islamics overthrew the monarchy (shah). The Shah was supported by US, so this became a conflict for US. It resulted in issolating Iran from the rest of world and reversing rights for women and became a religious repression.

Question 73

What was the Chinese Revolution about?

Answer 73

response to the rule of Qing dynasty.

Question 74

What is decolonization?

Answer 74

Independence by the colonies controlled by Europe

Question 75

When did decoloinzation happen?

Answer 75

After WWII

Question 76

What is self-determination?

Answer 76

The right for people to make their own government and their own destiny

Question 77

Why did decolinization happen?

Answer 77

1. Too expensive for these countries to keep the colonies when they were trying to rebuild after the war 2. English and French recruited African solderis for WWII and soliders came home questioning why they were fighting for other countries freedoms instead of their own 3. In Asia, (India) countries were demanding independence 4. By 1966, all but 6 countries in Africa were independent

Question 78

What was the Atlantic Charter?

Answer 78

Document wrttien by President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill of England about the hopes they had for the World after WWII and written in middle of WWII.

Question 79

Benefits of technology in 20th century?

Answer 79

1. greater control over nature, (detect when storms are coming, build buildings that will not be destoyed in these situations) 2. lightened burden of labor (work easier) 3. Extended human life span (medicine, treatments, x-rays) What has it not done? prvent conflict, prejudice, war, violence pros and cons because we have so much knowledge, but not the wisdom and ethics of how to use the knowledge we've gained

Question 80

What were the science and tecnology changes in the 20th century?

Answer 80

1. Medicine (decreased infant mortality, increased life exptectancy, antibiotics, new surgical techniques, innaculations wiped out diseases) 2. Technology (computers, internet, outsourcing- telemarketing or call centers, cell phones)

Question 81

What is Globalization?

Answer 81

changes in the globe socially, politically, technologically, and economically because of increasing interaction, communication, and interdependence of people's all over the world

Question 82

What is an example of positive change as a result of Gloablization in 21st century?

Answer 82

expanding trade results in better standard of living fior developing countries

Question 83

What is a negative example of the result of globalization in the 21st century?

Answer 83

abusive treatment of developing countries due to economic imperialism

Question 84

What are some effects of Globalization?

Answer 84

economics: 1. broader and faster trade of money and goods 2. increased outsourcing of labor 3. development of global financial systems (Euro's in all european countries except England) 4. Creation of trade agreements Socially: 1. Greater exchange of cultures including ideas, food, clothing, fads, technology

Question 85

Globalization is creating a new international society at a rapid pace. No longer are we individual countries, but we are part of a whole world.

Question 86

What are the issues of society in the 21st century?

Answer 86

What is a human being? What gives meaning to human existence? How are human beings of different cultures and beliefs to live together in peace?

Question 87

Essay Question: What challenges do the people of the 21st century have socially, politically, and economically?

Answer 87

today's world is complex due to globalization. What's the definition of globalization? positives and negatives of globalization? Globalization is evolving at a rapid pace. Examples of that. Challenge is given the pace of exchange of ideas, beliefs, and cultures how we live together in peace