define ‘complex ion’
central transition metal ions surrounded by ligands
define ‘ligand’
an ion or molecule with at least 1 lone pair of electrons donated to a transition metal to form a coordinate bond
define ‘coordinate bond’
shared pair of electrons between 2 atoms where both electrons come from the same atom (ligand)
define ‘coordinate number’
total coordinate bonds between ligand and central metal ion
give 4 examples of mono dentate ligands
H2O
NH3
Cl-
CN-
give an example of a bidentate ligand
NH2CHCHNH2
give an example of a multi dentate ligand
EDTA
describe an octahedral ion
- 6 coordinate bonds
- 90 degrees
describe a tetrahedral ion
- 4 coordinate bonds
- 109.5 degrees
describe a square planar ion
- 4 coordinate bonds
- 90 degrees
give 2 examples of tetrahedral ions
[CuCl4]2-
[CoCl4]2-
give an example of a square planar ion
cis platin
where are the ligands on a cis isomer?
next to each other
where are the ligands on a trans isomer?
across from each other
what is cis platin?
a cancer drug which binds to DNA and stops it dividing
what does cis platin look like?
- central Pt
- 2 Cl ligands
- 2 NH3 ligands
define ‘optical isomers’
non super imposable mirror images
how many optical isomers can be formed?
3
- 2 cis and 1 trans
