AWS Cloud Practitioner > Compute > Flashcards

Compute Flashcards

Examine core compute services such as EC2, Lambda, and ECS and their use cases. (22 cards)

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1
Q

Which of the following AWS services are compute services?

(Select TWO.)

  1. AWS Batch
  2. AWS CloudTrail
  3. AWS Elastic Beanstalk
  4. Amazon EFS
  5. Amazon Inspector
A

1. AWS Batch
3. AWS Elastic Beanstalk

AWS Batch is correct, it enables developers, scientists, and engineers to easily and efficiently run hundreds of thousands of batch computing jobs on AWS.

AWS Elastic Beanstalk is also correct, it is an easy-to-use service for deploying and scaling web applications and services developed with Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Go, and Docker on familiar servers such as Apache, Nginx, Passenger, and IIS.

  • AWS CloudTrail is incorrect. CloudTrail is used for auditing.
  • Amazon EFS is incorrect. The Elastic File System (EFS) is used for storing data and is mounted by EC2 instances.
  • Amazon Inspector is incorrect. Amazon Inspector is an automated security assessment service that helps improve the security and compliance of applications deployed on AWS.

References:

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2
Q

A company is planning to move a number of legacy applications to the AWS Cloud. The solution must be cost-effective.

Which approach should the company take?

  1. Migrate the applications to dedicated hosts on Amazon EC2. 2. Rehost the applications on Amazon EC2 instances that are right-sized.
  2. Rehost the applications on Amazon EC2 instances that are right-sized.
  3. Use AWS Lambda to host the legacy applications in the cloud.
  4. Use an Amazon S3 static website to host the legacy application code.
A

2. Rehost the applications on Amazon EC2 instances that are right-sized.

The most cost-effective solution that works is to use Amazon EC2 instances that are right-sized with the most optimum instance types. Right-sizing is the process of ensuring that the instance type selected for each application provides the right amount of resources for the application.

  • Migrate the applications to dedicated hosts on Amazon EC2 is incorrect. Dedicated hosts are expensive and there is no need to use them with this solution.
  • Use AWS Lambda to host the legacy applications in the cloud is incorrect. It is unlikely that you can simply host legacy applications using AWS Lambda.
  • Use an Amazon S3 static website to host the legacy application code is incorrect. You cannot host legacy application code in an S3 static website, only static content is possible.

Reference:
Right Sizing

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3
Q

A Cloud Practitioner anticipates an increase in application traffic at a future date and time when a sales event will take place.

How can the Cloud Practitioner configure Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to ensure the right number of Amazon EC2 instances are available ahead of the event?

  1. Configure predictive scaling.
  2. Configure a target tracking scaling policy.
  3. Configure a scheduled scaling policy.
  4. Configure a step scaling policy.
A

3. Configure a scheduled scaling policy.

Scheduled scaling helps you to set up your own scaling schedule according to predictable load changes. For example, let’s say that every week the traffic to your web application starts to increase on Wednesday, remains high on Thursday, and starts to decrease on Friday. You can configure a schedule for Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to increase capacity on Wednesday and decrease capacity on Friday.

  • Configure predictive scaling is incorrect. Predictive scaling uses daily and weekly trends to determine when to scale. In this case the Cloud Practitioner knows about the event that will require more resources.
  • Configure a target tracking scaling policy is incorrect. This policy will cause the ASG to attempt to keep resource utilization at the target value.
  • Configure a step scaling policy is incorrect. Step scaling will launch resources in response to demand, this will not ensure the resource are ready at the right time as there will be a delay.

Reference:
Scheduled scaling for Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling

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4
Q

A company is planning to deploy an application with a relational database on AWS. The application layer requires access to the database instance’s operating system in order to run scripts.
The company prefer to keep management overhead to a minimum.

Which deployment should be used for the database?

  1. Amazon RDS
  2. Amazon DynamoDB
  3. Amazon EC2
  4. Amazon S3
A

3. Amazon EC2

The company would like to keep management overhead to a minimum so RDS would be good to meet that requirement. However, with RDS you cannot access the operating system so the requirement for running scripts on the OS rules RDS out. Therefore, the next best solution is to deploy on an Amazon EC2 instances as the other options presented are unsuitable for a relational database.

  • Amazon RDS is incorrect as the application would not be able to access the OS of the RDS instance to run scripts.
  • Amazon DynamoDB is incorrect. This is a non-relational database.
  • Amazon S3 is incorrect. This is an object-storage system and is not suitable for running a relational database.

Reference:
Amazon Relational Database Service

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5
Q

Customers using AWS services must patch operating systems on which of the following services?

  1. AWS Lambda
  2. Amazon EC2
  3. AWS Fargate
  4. Amazon DynamoDB
A

2. Amazon EC2

Amazon EC2 is an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) solution. This means the underlying hardware and software layer for running a virtual server are managed for you. As a customer you must then manage the operating system and any software you install. This includes installing patches on the operating system as part of regular maintenance activities.

  • AWS Lambda is incorrect. This is a serverless service and you do not need to manage patches.
  • AWS Fargate is incorrect. This is a serverless service and you do not need to manage patches.
  • Amazon DynamoDB is incorrect. This is a serverless service and you do not need to manage patches.

Reference:
Amazon EC2

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6
Q

Which AWS feature can be used to launch a pre-configured Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance?

  1. Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)
  2. Amazon EC2 Systems Manager
  3. Amazon Machine Image (AMI)
  4. Amazon AppStream 2.0
A

3. Amazon Machine Image

(AMI)

An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) provides the information required to launch an instance. You must specify an AMI when you launch an instance. You can launch multiple instances from a single AMI when you need multiple instances with the same configuration. You can use different AMIs to launch instances when you need instances with different configurations.

  • Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) is incorrect. EBS is block-based storage for EC2.
  • Amazon EC2 Systems Manager is incorrect . AWS Systems Manager gives you visibility and control of your infrastructure on AWS.
  • Amazon AppStream 2.0 is incorrect. Amazon AppStream 2.0 is a fully managed non-persistent application and desktop streaming service.

Reference:
Amazon Machine Images in Amazon EC2

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7
Q

Which of the following AWS features or services can be used to provide root storage volumes for Amazon EC2 instances?

  1. Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)
  2. Amazon Machine Image
  3. Amazon Elastic File System (EFS)
  4. Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
A

1. Amazon Elastic Block Store

(EBS)

The Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) provides block-based storage volumes for Amazon EC2 instances. Root volumes are where the operating system is installed and can be either EBS volumes or instance store volumes.

  • Amazon Machine Image is incorrect. An AMI provides the information required to launch an instance including the mapping of EBS volumes.
  • Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) is incorrect. EFS volumes cannot be used for the root storage volume but can be mounted to store data.
  • Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) is incorrect. Amazon S3 buckets cannot be attached to EC2 instances in any way, it is a service that is accessed via a REST API.

Reference:
Best Practices: Root Device Storage for Instances

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8
Q

Which AWS services offer compute capabilities?

(Select TWO.)

  1. Amazon DynamoDB
  2. Amazon ECS
  3. Amazon EFS
  4. Amazon CloudHSM
  5. AWS Lambda
A

2. Amazon ECS
5. AWS Lambda

The Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) is a compute service that allows you to run Docker containers as tasks on AWS. AWS Lambda is a function as a service offering that provides the ability to run compute functions in response to triggers.

  • Amazon DynamoDB is incorrect. DynamoDB is a database service.
  • Amazon EFS is incorrect. The Elastic File System (EFS) is a file-based storage system.
  • Amazon CloudHSM is incorrect. CloudHSM is a service that is used to securely store and manage encryption keys.

References:

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9
Q

What is the function of Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

  1. Scales the size of EC2 instances up or down automatically, based on demand.
  2. Automatically updates the EC2 pricing model, based on demand.
  3. Scales the number of EC2 instances in or out automatically, based on demand.
  4. Automatically modifies the network throughput of EC2 instances, based on demand.
A

3. Scales the number of EC2 instances in or out automatically, based on demand.

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling helps you maintain application availability and allows you to automatically add or remove EC2 instances according to conditions you define. You can use the fleet management features of EC2 Auto Scaling to maintain the health and availability of your fleet. You can also use the dynamic and predictive scaling features of EC2 Auto Scaling to add or remove EC2 instances.

  • Scales the size of EC2 instances up or down automatically, based on demand. is incorrect. Auto Scaling adjusts the number of EC2 instances, not the size of EC2 instances.
  • Automatically updates the EC2 pricing model, based on demand. is incorrect. Auto Scaling does not change pricing models
  • Automatically modifies the network throughput of EC2 instances, based on demand. is incorrect. Auto Scaling does not modify network throughput for instances.

Reference:
Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling

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10
Q

Which Amazon EC2 pricing model should be avoided if a workload cannot accept interruption if capacity becomes temporarily unavailable?

  1. Spot Instances
  2. On-Demand Instances
  3. Standard Reserved Instances
  4. Convertible Reserved Instances
A

1. Spot Instances

Amazon EC2 Spot Instances let you take advantage of unused EC2 capacity in the AWS cloud. Spot Instances are available at up to a 90% discount compared to On-Demand prices.
The downside is that if capacity becomes temporarily unavailable, your instances may be terminated.

  • On-Demand Instances is incorrect. On-demand instances are not subject to interruption if capacity becomes temporarily unavailable.
  • Standard Reserved Instances is incorrect. Reserved instances are not subject to interruption if capacity becomes temporarily unavailable
  • Convertible Reserved Instances is incorrect. Reserved instances are not subject to interruption if capacity becomes temporarily unavailable.

Reference:
Amazon EC2 Spot Instances

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11
Q

A user has limited knowledge of AWS services, but wants to quickly deploy a scalable Node.js application in an Amazon VPC.

Which service should be used to deploy the application?

  1. AWS CloudFormation
  2. AWS Elastic Beanstalk
  3. Amazon EC2
  4. Amazon LightSail
A

2. AWS Elastic Beanstalk

AWS Elastic Beanstalk is an easy-to-use service for deploying and scaling web applications and services developed with Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Go, and Docker on familiar servers such as Apache, Nginx, Passenger, and IIS.

You can simply upload your code and Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the deployment, from capacity provisioning, load balancing, auto-scaling to application health monitoring. At the same time, you retain full control over the AWS resources powering your application and can access the underlying resources at any time.

  • Amazon LightSail is incorrect. LightSail is a good service to use when you don’t have good knowledge of AWS. However, you cannot deploy a scalable node.js application into a VPC.
  • AWS CloudFormation is incorrect. CloudFormation is used for automating the deployment of infrastructure resources in AWS.
  • Amazon EC2 is incorrect. This would require more expertise than using Elastic Beanstalk.

Reference:
AWS Elastic Beanstalk

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12
Q

How should an organization deploy an application running on multiple EC2 instances to ensure that a power failure does not cause an application outage?

  1. Launch the EC2 instances in separate regions
  2. Launch the EC2 instances into different VPCs
  3. Launch the EC2 instances into different Availability Zones
  4. Launch the EC2 instances into Edge Locations
A

3. Launch the EC2 instances into different Availability Zones

If you have multiple EC2 instances that are part of an application, you should deploy them into separate availability zones (AZs). Each AZ has redundant power and is also fed from a different grid. AZs also have low-latency network links which is often advantageous for most applications.

You do not need to deploy into separate regions to prevent a power outage bringing your application down. AZs have redundant power and grids so you are safe deploying your applications into multiple AZs. If you split your applications across regions you introduce latency which may impact your application. You may also run into data sovereignty issues in some cases.

Deploying your EC2 instances into different VPCs is not required and would complicate your application deployment. Also, bear in mind that VPCs within a region use the same underlying infrastructure so deploying into different VPCs may still result in your EC2 instances being deployed into the same AZs. It is a best practice to deploy into separate AZs.

  • Launch the EC2 instances in separate regions is incorrect as described above.
  • Launch the EC2 instances into different VPCs is incorrect as described above.
  • Launch the EC2 instances into Edge Locations is incorrect. You cannot deploy EC2 instances into Edge Locations.

Reference:
AWS Global Infrastructure

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13
Q

An Amazon EC2 instance running the Amazon Linux 2 AMI is billed in what increment?

  1. Per second
  2. Per hour
  3. Per CPU
  4. Per GB
A

1. Per second

Amazon EC2 instances running Linux are billed in one second increments, with a minimum of 60 seconds.

  • Per hour is incorrect. You do not pay per hour.
  • Per CPU is incorrect. You do not pay per CPU.
  • Per GB is incorrect. You pay for Amazon EBS on a per GB of provisioned storage basis.

Reference:

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14
Q

What are the benefits of using reserved instances?

(Select TWO.)

  1. Reduced cost
  2. More flexibility
  3. Reserve capacity
  4. Uses dedicated hardware
  5. High availability
A

1. Reduced cost
3. Reserve capacity

With reserved instances you commit to a 1- or 3-year term and get a significant discount from the on-demand rate. You can also reserve capacity in an availability zone with reserved instances.

  • Reserve capacity is also a correct answer.
  • More flexibility is incorrect. You don’t get more flexibility with reserved instances. If you need flexibility on-demand is better but more costly.
  • Uses dedicated hardware is incorrect. Reserved instances are different to dedicated instances. Dedicates instances and dedicates hosts use dedicated hardware but reserved instances do not.
  • High availability is incorrect. You do not get high availability with reserved instances; this is a pricing model.

Reference:
Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances

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15
Q

How does Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling help with resiliency?

  1. By distributing connections to EC2 instances
  2. By launching and terminating instances as needed
  3. By changing instance types to increase capacity
  4. By automating the failover of applications
A

2. By launching and terminating instances as needed

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling launches and terminates instances as demand changes. This helps with resiliency and high availability as it can also be set to ensure a minimum number of instances are always available.

  • By distributing connections to EC2 instances is incorrect. Auto Scaling is not responsible for distributing connections to EC2 instances, that is a job for an Elastic Load Balancer (ELB).
  • By changing instance types to increase capacity is incorrect. Auto Scaling does not change the instance type. You have to create a new launch configuration if you need to increase your instance size, this is not automatic.
  • By automating the failover of applications is incorrect. Auto Scaling does not do application failover.

Reference:
Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling

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16
Q

An organization moves a workload to Amazon EC2 instances on AWS. Cost-effectiveness is the key to running the workload properly in the Cloud.

What can the company do to meet this requirement?

  1. Use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS).
  2. Use multiple AWS accounts and consolidated billing.
  3. Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy the infrastructure.
  4. Rightsize all the EC2 instances that are used in the deployment
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A

4. Rightsize all the EC2 instances that are used in the deployment

Rightsizing EC2 instances simply means making sure that the instances you are using are not too large or too small for the workloads they are running. The part of this which is related to cost optimization is ensuring that the EC2 instances provisioned are not too small for the workloads (i.e. you need a m5.2xlarge and you are using an m5.4xlarge instance type. As you simply get billed for the instance you are using and not how many VCPUs you are using, right sizing is a powerful way to optimize cost.

AWS Compute Optimizer is a useful tool that uses machine learning to report on overutilization and underutilization of resources. You can use Compute Optimizer to gather the information needed to rightsize your workloads.

  • Use multiple AWS accounts and consolidated billing is incorrect as whilst consolidated billing may give you only one bill for all the accounts under your Organization, this doesn’t inherently provide any cost savings.
  • Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy the infrastructure is incorrect. AWS CloudFormation is an infrastructure as code tool which provisions your infrastructure using either JSON or YAML. This may improve various aspects of your architecture but will not make it any cheaper.
  • Use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is incorrect as AWS KMS is a managed encryption service which can be used to encrypt data across your infrastructure. This has nothing to do with cost optimization.

Reference:
AWS Cloud Financial Management

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17
Q

Which AWS services form the app-facing services of the AWS serverless infrastructure?

(Select TWO.)

  1. AWS Step Functions
  2. AWS Lambda
  3. Amazon API Gateway
  4. Amazon DynamoDB
  5. Amazon EFS
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A

2. AWS Lambda
3. Amazon API Gateway

AWS Lambda and Amazon API Gateway are both app-facing components of the AWS Serverless infrastructure.

AWS Step Functions is an orchestration service.

  • AWS Step Functions is incorrect. This is a serverless orchestration service.
    Amazon DynamoDB is incorrect. Amazon DynamoDB is a serverless database service. Databases are backend, not app-facing.
  • Amazon EFS is incorrect. EFS is a filesystem. Typically, EFS is mounted by Amazon EC2 instances.

Reference:
Serverless on AWS

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18
Q

What are two benefits of using AWS Lambda?

(Select TWO.)

  1. No servers to manage
  2. Integrated snapshots
  3. Continuous scaling (scale out)
  4. Flexible operating system choices
  5. Open source software
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A

1. No servers to manage
3. Continuous scaling (scale out)

With AWS Lambda you don’t have any servers to manage (serverless). Lambda functions scale out rather than up running multiple invocations of the function in parallel.

  • Integrated snapshots is incorrect. You do not have integrated snapshots (or any persistent storage) with Lambda.
  • Flexible operating system choices is incorrect. You do not manage the operating system on which the functions run so have no choice of software.
  • Open source software is incorrect. Lambda is AWS proprietary not open source.

Reference:
AWS Lambda

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19
Q

With which service can a developer upload code using a ZIP or WAR file and have the service handle the end-to-end deployment of the resources?

  1. AWS CodeDeploy
  2. AWS Elastic Beanstalk
  3. Amazon ECS
  4. AWS CodeCommit
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A

2. AWS Elastic Beanstalk

AWS Elastic Beanstalk can be used to quickly deploy and manage applications in the AWS Cloud. Developers upload applications and Elastic Beanstalk handles the deployment details of capacity provisioning, load balancing, auto-scaling, and application health monitoring.

You can upload code directly using a ZIP or WAR file. You can also use a Git archive.

  • AWS CodeDeploy is incorrect. AWS CodeDeploy is a fully managed deployment service that automates software deployments to a variety of compute services such as Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, and on-premises servers.
  • Amazon ECS is incorrect. Amazon Elastic Container Service is a managed service for running Docker containers.
  • AWS CodeCommit is incorrect. AWS CodeCommit is a fully-managed source control service that hosts secure Git-based repositories. It does not actually automate the build of the code or infrastructure on which it runs.

Reference:
Create an Elastic Beanstalk application source bundle

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20
Q

Which service can you use to monitor, store and access log files generated by EC2 instances and on-premises servers?

  1. AWS CloudTrail
  2. AWS OpsWorks
  3. Amazon CloudWatch Logs
  4. Amazon Kinesis
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A

3. Amazon CloudWatch Logs

You can use Amazon CloudWatch Logs to monitor, store, and access your log files from Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances, AWS CloudTrail, Route 53, and other sources. You can then retrieve the associated log data from CloudWatch Logs.

  • AWS CloudTrail is incorrect. AWS CloudTrail is used for recording a history of API actions taken on your account.
  • AWS OpsWorks is incorrect. OpsWorks is a configuration management service.
  • Amazon Kinesis is incorrect. Amazon Kinesis is a set of services used for collecting, processing and analyzing streaming data.

Reference:
What is Amazon CloudWatch Logs?

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21
Q

What offerings are included in the Amazon Lightsail product set?

(Select TWO.)

  1. Virtual Private Server
  2. NoSQL database
  3. Managed MySQL database
  4. File storage
  5. Serverless functions
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A

1. Virtual Private Server
3. Managed MySQL database

Amazon LightSail provides an easy, low cost way to consume cloud services without needing the skill set for using VPC resources. The product set includes virtual private servers (instances), managed MySQL databases, block and object storage, simplified load balancers, and CDN distributions.

  • NoSQL database is incorrect as explained above.
  • File storage is incorrect as explained above.
  • Serverless functions is incorrect as explained above.

Reference:
Amazon Lightsail features

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22
Q

Which service allows an organization to bring their own licensing on host hardware that is physically isolated from other AWS accounts?

  1. EC2 Dedicated Instances
  2. EC2 Spot Instances
  3. EC2 Dedicated Hosts
  4. EC2 Reserved Instances
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A

3. EC2 Dedicated Hosts

An Amazon EC2 Dedicated Host is a physical server with EC2 instance capacity fully dedicated to your use. Dedicated Hosts allow you to use your existing per-socket, per-core, or per-VM software licenses, including Windows Server, Microsoft SQL Server, SUSE, Linux Enterprise Server, and so on.

  • EC2 Dedicated Instances is incorrect. Dedicated Instances are Amazon EC2 instances that run in a VPC on hardware that’s dedicated to a single customer. Bring your own licensing (BYOL) is not supported for dedicated instances.
  • EC2 Spot Instances is incorrect. Spot instances allow you to bid in the marketplace for EC2 instances to reduce cost, they do not allow BYOL.
  • EC2 Reserved Instances is incorrect. Reserved instances allow you to reduce on-demand price by up to 70% by committing to a 1- or 3-year term.

Reference:
Amazon EC2 Dedicated Hosts

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