COMPUTER BASICS

Question 1

• Generations of Computers * Computer Hardware and Software* Computer Basics

Answer 1

• Computer Basics

Question 2

First Generation OF computer

Answer 2

(1940-1950s) Vacuum-tube based

Question 3

Second Generations of computer

Answer 3

(1950-1960s ) Transistor based

Question 4

Third Generations

Answer 4

(1960-1970s) Integrated Circuit based

Question 5

Fourth Generations

Answer 5

(1970-present ) Microprocessor based

Question 6

Fifth Generations

Answer 6

(Present and Future) Artificial Intelligence
based

Question 7

Mechanical Calculators, * Abacus

Answer 7

(ca. 2700 BC)

Question 8

Mechanical Calculators * Pascal’s Calculator

Answer 8

(1652)

Question 9

Mechanical Calculators * Stepped Reckoner

Answer 9

(1694)

Question 10

Mechanical Calculators * Arithmometer

Answer 10

(1820)

Question 11

Mechanical Calculators * Comptometer and Comptograph

Answer 11

(1887), (1889)

Question 12

Mechanical Calculators * The Difference Engine

Answer 12

(1822)

Question 13

Mechanical Calculators * Analytical Engine

Answer 13

(1834)

Question 14

Mechanical Calculators * The Millionaire

Answer 14

(1893)

Question 15

• Main Component – vacuum tube
• Main memory – magnetic drums and
  magnetic tapes

Answer 15

First Generations

Question 16

• Main electronic component – transistor
• Memory – magnetic core and magnetic
  tape / disk
• Programming language – assembly
  language

Answer 16

Second Generations

Question 17

• Main electronic component – integrated
  circuits (ICs)
• Memory – large magnetic core, magnetic
  tape / disk

Answer 17

Third Generations

Question 18

• Main electronic component –
  very large-scale integration
  (VLSI) and microprocessor.
• VLSI– thousands of transistors
  on a single microchip

Answer 18

Fourth Generations

Question 19

Component: Microprocessor, VLSI

Memory: RAM (volatile), ROM (non-volatile)

Language: C, Java, Python, etc.

Example: IBM PC, Apple II, Macintosh

Answer 19

4th Gen (1970s–present)

Question 20

Component: AI, ULSI, parallel processing

Features: natural language, portable, huge storage

Example: smartphones, tablets, laptops

Answer 20

5th Gen (Present–Future)

Question 21

High Speed, Accuracy, Storage, Reliability, Automation

Answer 21

advantages of computer

Question 22

No IQ, Dependency, Environment impact, No feelings

Answer 22

Disadvantages of Computers

Question 23

single user computer system
having moderately powerful microprocessor

Answer 23

Personal Computer (PC)

Question 24

similar to personal computer however
has a more powerful microprocessor

Answer 24

• Workstation –

Question 25

multi-user computer system, capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously

Answer 25

* Mini Computer

Question 26

same as mini compter with different software technology.

Answer 26

* Main Frame

Question 27

extremely fast computer, which can execute hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

Answer 27

Supercomputer

Question 28

Computer Functionalities

Answer 28

Input → Process → Output

Question 29

a piece of hardware device which is used to enter information to a computer for processing.

Answer 29

* Input device –

Question 30

Hardware

Answer 30

Input Devices Output Devices

Question 31

a piece of hardware device which is used to enter information to a computer for processing.

Answer 31

Input device –

Question 32

a piece of hardware device that receives information from a computer

Answer 32

Output device

Question 33

TYPE OF Software

Answer 33

* Systems software * Application software

Question 34

– a computer program that provides users with tools to accomplish a specific task.

Answer 34

* Application software

Question 35

a software program that is designed to control a particular hardware device that is attached to a computer.

Answer 35

Device driver

Question 35

– it is designed to run a computer’s hardware and application software, and make the computer system available for use. It serves as the interface between hardware, application software, and the user.

Answer 35

System softwareV

Question 36

a type of system software that helps set up, analyze, configure, strengthen, maintain a computer and performs a very specific task (e.g. antivirus software, backup software, memory tester, screen saver, etc.

Answer 36

Utility software

Question 37

Control Unit – directs operations ​ ALU – performs arithmetic/logic operations ​ Registers – fast storage inside CPU

Answer 37

PROCESSOR ( CPU)

Question 38

* A network is a group of computers linked together so that they can share resources such as printers, software programs and documents

Answer 38

Internet

Question 39

Types of Internet

Answer 39

* Local Area Network (LAN) * Wide Area Network (WAN) * Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) * Intranet * Extranet

Question 40

It is usually confined to a limited geographic area, such as a single building or a college campus.

Answer 40

LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

Question 41

Often elements of a network are widely separated physically. AND IT'S combines multiple LANs that are geographically separate

Answer 41

WIDE AREA NETWORK ( WAN )

Question 42

Wireless LANs, or WLANs, use radio frequency (RF) technology to transmit and receive data over the air. This minimizes the need for wired connections

Answer 42

WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK

Question 43

With advancements in browser-based software for the Internet, many private organizations have implemented A _________

Answer 43

INTRANET

Question 44

While an intranet is used to disseminate confidential information within a corporation, an extranet is commonly used by companies to share data in a secure fashion with their business partners.

Answer 44

EXTRANET