What is Computer Network?
A computer network is a system of two or more computers connected via cable or wireless media to share information and resources. It allows for activities like file sharing, using shared printers, and communication via email or instant messaging
PAN (Personal Area Network):
The smallest network (range: 1–100m), arranged around a single person. It uses Bluetooth or USB to connect phones, laptops, and wearables
LAN (Local Area Network):
Covers a limited area like a home, office, or lab (up to 2km). It offers high speeds and privacy but requires a server setup.
CAN (Campus Area Network):
Larger than a LAN but smaller than a MAN (range: 1–5km). Used for universities or corporate campuses to connect multiple buildings
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network):
Connects a city or town (range: 5–50km) using fiber optics. It is fast but expensive to build and maintain
WAN (Wide Area Network):
Spans large geographical distances (over 50km), effectively connecting multiple LANs. The internet is the most common example. While it has global reach, it suffers from slower speeds and higher traffic congestion
Key Network Devices Hardware is required to connect devices and manage traffic within the network: Repeater
A device that regenerates weak signals to extend the distance they can travel.
Key Network Devices Hardware is required to connect devices and manage traffic within the network: Hub
Hub: A multi-port repeater that connects multiple wires. It is inefficient because it cannot filter data; it sends every data packet to all connected devices.
Key Network Devices Hardware is required to connect devices and manage traffic within the network: Bridge
Bridge: Connects two LANs. Unlike a hub, it can filter content by reading MAC addresses to send data only where needed.
Key Network Devices Hardware is required to connect devices and manage traffic within the network: Switch
A smarter, multi-port bridge. It performs error checking and sends data selectively to the correct port, making it much more efficient than a hub.
Key Network Devices Hardware is required to connect devices and manage traffic within the network: Router
Router: Connects different networks (like LANs and WANs). It uses IP addresses to decide the best path for data packets to travel.
