COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

Question 1

Hardware can be categorized as:

Answer 1

input and output devices external and internal memory and the CPU

Question 2

MOTHERBOARD

Def

Answer 2

A circuit board inside the microcomputers plastic case which serves as single platform to connect all parts of the computer together

Question 3

MOTHERBOARD

Components

Answer 3

CPU chip, Memory chip(ROM and RAM), I/O interface, Expansion slots, Other logic circuits

Question 4

MOTHERBOARD

what is an expansion slot?

Answer 4

Connectors on the motherboard where expansion cards like display card can be connected

Question 5

MOTHERBOARD

2 types of cooling systems

Answer 5

1. Active- require power eg case fan

2. Passive- no power eg reducing operating speed of a certain component

Question 6

MOTHERBOARD

What is CMOS?

Answer 6

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor battery

Stores setting configurations( eg for date and time in BIOS setting)

Question 7

POWER SUPPLY

Function?

Answer 7

Converts AC from outlet into DC

Question 8

POWER SUPPLY

UPS Function?

Answer 8

Uninterrupted Power Supply keeps Computer running for a few minutes after power goes out

Question 9

POWER SUPPLY

Cooling System?

Answer 9

Has a fan that pulls out hot air and also circulates air throughout the entire system

Question 10

CARDS

def?

Answer 10

Expansion device that provides certain added capabilities

Question 11

CARDS

Eg?

Answer 11

1. Video/Display-text and graphic images. Provides an interface between the system unit and the display monitor
2. Sound Card- determines sound. Computer should have quality speakers and a subwoofer to support a sound card
3. I/O Card-mouse and printer
4. Controller card-connects cables of hard disks and floppy disks
5. Network Interface Card(NIC)-enables computer to be connected to a network; get wireless conductivity or increase bandwidth
6. Graphic card- to support intensive graphics

Question 12

PORTS

Def?

Answer 12

Components used as pathways for flow of data

Question 13

PORTS

eg?

Answer 13

1. Serial-mouse modem scanner
2. Parallel-printer
3. Video-Monitor
4. Game-joystick
5. Video Graphics Adapter(VGA)-older type used for display
6. Audio-pink;Mic-green;speakers-blue;line input

Question 14

CPU

function?

Answer 14

Accepts instructions and data and executes them storing the result in the memory

Question 15

CPU

Metric?

Answer 15

Gigahertz(GHz)-Billion instructions/sec

Megahertz(MHz)-Million instructions/sec

Question 16

CPU

Components?

Answer 16

1. ALU
2. Control Unit
3. Registers

Question 17

CPU

What is the function of ALU?

Answer 17

1. (*,-,/,+)

2. Logical comparisons eg of conditions:=>,== etc

Question 18

CPU

Function of Control Unit?

Answer 18

1. Directing and coordinating all operation called for by a program
2. Activates the appropriate circuits necessary for inputs and outputs
3. Causes the entire system to be automatic
4. Controls transfer of data and instructions among other units of the computer

Question 19

CPU

Outline the Machine Cycle for the Control Unit

Answer 19

1. Fetch the instruction
2. Decode the instruction
3. Execute the instruction
4. Store the results

Question 20

CPU

Def and types of registers?

Answer 20

special, high purpose holding areas for both data and instructions
types- instructions registers
data registers-both data and results

Question 21

Why do new computers produce more heat?

Answer 21

faster

Question 22

Why do newer computers require more ventilation?

Answer 22

They compute more and produce more heat

Question 23

Dangers of overheating in computers?

Answer 23

Reduces Battery life
Damages internal components especially the CPU
Can cause circuits and components to
become unstable

Question 24

Explain the use of

aluminum and the thermal paste in the cooling structure

Answer 24

Thermal compound is used to maximize the contact surface area by filling in the microscopic gaps. Thermal compound acts as a cooling agent

Question 25

Discuss any three | ways in which you would protect the computers from data loss.

Answer 25

1. Backup your files 2. Store in the cloud 3. Use an external hard drive 4. Address data security