What is a condenser in a steam power plant?
A device that condenses exhaust steam from a turbine into water by removing latent heat using cooling water.
Why are condensers used in steam power plants?
Reduce turbine back pressure
Increase cycle efficiency
Recover condensate for reuse as boiler feedwater
What is turbine back pressure?
The pressure at the turbine exhaust. Lower back pressure allows the turbine to produce more work.
Name the two main types of condensers.
Surface Condenser
Jet Condenser
What is a surface condenser?
A condenser where steam and cooling water do not mix. Steam condenses on the outside of tubes carrying cooling water.
State the advantages of surface condensers
Condensate remains pure
Can be reused as boiler feedwater
Suitable for large power plants
State the disadvantages of surface condensers
Expensive
Large size
Requires more cooling water
What is a jet condenser?
A condenser where steam mixes directly with cooling water, causing rapid condensation.
State the advantages of jet condensers
Simple construction
Low cost
Compact design
State the disadvantages of jet condensers
Condensate mixes with cooling water
Water cannot easily be reused as boiler feedwater
Why must air be removed from a condenser?
Air reduces heat transfer and increases pressure, lowering condenser efficiency.
What device removes air from a condenser?
Air pumps or vacuum pumps
