contrapositives of one another
and/or
double sided arrow
if and only if
negate first term
either/or
negate second term
no/none/nobody/never
negate status quo –> exception
unless
doubled sided with s
some
if some a are b and b is c
then some a is c
if most a are b and b is c
then most a is c
if most a are b and most a are c
then some b are c