Connective Tissue

Question 1

(dense/loose) connective tissue is the main type in the musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

dense

Question 2

__________ connective tissue works in stretch and distention, found in the deep layer of the skin, submucosa of the digestive tract, and fascia

Answer 2

dense irregular

Question 3

_________ connective tissue forms parallel bundles of fibers, found in tendons, ligaments, and aponeurosis

Answer 3

dense regular

Question 4

3 types of fibers that can be secreted by fibroblasts

Answer 4

• collagen fibers
• elastic fibers
• reticular fibers

Question 5

there are a total of ____ types of collagen fibers (based on alpha-chain subunits)

Answer 5

12

Question 6

______ is the main variety of collagen fiber

Answer 6

type I

Question 7

________ collagen is found in loose and dense connective tissue, making up tendons, ligaments, bone, and cartilage

Answer 7

type I

Question 8

________ collagen is found in cartilage and intervertebral discs

Answer 8

type II

Question 9

________ collagen is found in loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and reticular fibers

Answer 9

type III

Question 10

_________ collagen is found in the external lamina of muscle and the kidney

Answer 10

type IV

Question 11

which type of collagen lacks striations?

Answer 11

type IV

Question 12

4 places type I collagen can be found

Answer 12

• tendons
• ligaments
• bone
• cartilage

(loose and dense connective tissue)

Question 13

2 places type II collagen is found

Answer 13

• cartilage

- intervertebral discs

Question 14

3 places type III collagen is found

Answer 14

• loose connective tissue
• blood vessels
• reticular fibers

Question 15

2 places type IV collagen is found

Answer 15

• external lamina of muscle

- kidney

Question 16

Collagen types I, II, and III share what common feature?

Answer 16

they are all striated and have a 67 nm periodicity

Question 17

dealing with compression forces is the function of ______

Answer 17

bone

Question 18

___________ are made of type III collagen, have a rich polysaccharide coating, and are typically associated with the basal lamina (help anchor connective tissue to the adjacent structure

Answer 18

reticular fibers

Question 19

reticular fibers are made of ______ collagen, have a rich _________ coating, and are typically associated with the __________

Answer 19

• type III
• polysaccharide
• basal lamina

Question 20

________ are able to undergo expansion and recoil

Answer 20

elastin/elastic fibers

Question 21

the recoil properties of elastic fibers are up to ____% efficient

Answer 21

90%

Question 22

________ helps mold elastin molecules into elastin fibers

Answer 22

fibrillin

Question 23

_____________: a disease caused by a defect in fibrillin/underdeveloped elastin (predisposed to aortic rupture and cardiac dysfunction)

Answer 23

Marfan’s syndrome

Question 24

What is the cause of Marfan’s syndrome?

Answer 24

a defect of fibrillin or underdeveloped elastin

Question 25

_______ is a hydrated gel-like complex made of glycosaminoglycans, proteins, and proteoglycans

Answer 25

amorphous ground substance

Question 26

How does amorphous ground substance maintain its hydration?

Answer 26

The molecules that make it up have a very high negative charge which attracts Na+ molecules. The high sodium concentration creates an osmotic gradient which acts to draw water molecules into the tissue.

Question 27

tendons and ligaments have a ____ content of GAGs and amorphous ground substance

Answer 27

low

Question 28

_______ bind bone to bone

Answer 28

ligaments

Question 29

2 functions of ligaments

Answer 29

- stabilize and strengthen joints | - limit bone movements

Question 30

_________ bind tendons to bone

Answer 30

annular ligaments

Question 31

ligaments are primarily made of ___________connective tissue

Answer 31

dense regular

Question 32

the biochemical composition of ligaments is approximately _____% water and ____% collagen (type I and type III), elastin, proteoglycans, and 'other'.

Answer 32

- 64% (2/3) | - 36% (1/3)

Question 33

3 layers of muscle fascia

Answer 33

- endomysium - perimysium - epimysium

Question 34

_________ surrounds the muscle belly

Answer 34

epimysium

Question 35

_________ surrounds the muscle fascicles

Answer 35

perimysium

Question 36

_________ is the location of muscle spindles blood vessels, and nerves

Answer 36

perimysium

Question 37

_________ is composed of primarily reticular fibers and is responsible for harnessing muscle fibers through external lamina connections

Answer 37

endomysium

Question 38

_______: the convergence of all the layers of muscle fascia

Answer 38

myotendinous junction

Question 39

_______: attach muscles to bones, thereby transmitting muscle force to the skeleton

Answer 39

tendons

Question 40

the 4 layers of tendon fascia

Answer 40

- endotenon - peritenon - epitenon - paratenon

Question 41

the peritenon is composed of the _________ and ___________ tendon fascial layers

Answer 41

- epitenon | - paratenon

Question 42

all tendon fascial layers are composed of loose connective tissue with the exception of ______

Answer 42

epitenon

Question 43

nerves and blood vessels pass to tendons via the _________ layer

Answer 43

paratenon

Question 44

synovial fluid is produced by the __________

Answer 44

synovial sheath

Question 45

______ are formed when you have a tendon that rides very close to a bone to reduce friction

Answer 45

synovial tendon sheath

Question 46

the synovial sheath folds back onto itself to make a __________

Answer 46

synovial cavity

Question 47

in a synovial tendon sheath, vessels and nerves pass to the tendon via the ______ or _________ from the paratenon to the epitenon

Answer 47

- mesotendon | - synovial fold

Question 48

_________: inflammation of the tendon sheath

Answer 48

tendonitis

Question 49

What is the proposed cause of tendonitis?

Answer 49

repetitive motion may exhaust the lubricating function of the synovial tendon

Question 50

__________: strands which make up the boney insertion of the tendon

Answer 50

Sharpey's fibers