BIOL 302 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

stroma

A

connective tissue that surrounds tissue component of organ

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2
Q

parenchyma

A

functioning part of organ

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3
Q

functions of connective tissue

A
  1. mechanical support and protection of soft tissue
  2. physiological support (molecular exchange)
    a. forms a pathway for blood vessels and nerves
    b. fluids of connective tissues act as a medium of exchange for metabolites between tissues and blood vessels
  3. storage of energy in the form of fat
  4. defense against infection
  5. repair of injuries
  6. maintain boundaries
  7. cell adhesion and movement
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4
Q

components

A

fibres, ground substance, cells

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5
Q

ground substance

A

aqueous, tends to be removed

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6
Q

collagen properties

A

round and squiggly; inelastic; tensile strength; storage of strain energy; abundant

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7
Q

elastic

A

thin; when pulled taut, have sharp angles; can also be squiggly

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8
Q

collagen structure

A

molecule - glycine, proline, hydroxyproline triple helix
fibril - bundle of triple helices
fiber - bundles of fibrils
tissue - tendon, bundles of fibers

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9
Q

types of collagen (and class)

A

type 1 - fibrils, bones, tendons
type 2 - cartilage
type 3 - reticular fibers
type 4 - nonfibrillar (basement membrane)

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10
Q

elastic fibers properties

A
  • strech
  • flexibility
  • branched
  • fenestrated sheets
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11
Q

ground substance component

A
  • glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

- proteoglycans

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12
Q

ground substance function

A
  • molecular highway/parking lot
  • molecular exchange
  • hydrating molecles
    • more = looser
  • nutrient delivery
  • cell movement (plasma, mast cells)
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13
Q

cells found in connective tissue

A
  • fibroblasts
  • macrophages
  • plasma cells
  • mast cells
  • leukocytes
  • adipocytes
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14
Q

fibroblast function

A

synthesize matrix

wound healing

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15
Q

fibroblast property

A

dense nuclei in connective tissue

large nucleus = active

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16
Q

fibrocyte

A

thin dense nucleus

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17
Q

macrophage

A

called monocyte in blood

v good at endocytosis (particle and dye)

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18
Q

mast cell

A

primary immune response
histamine
large cells - red/purple granules

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19
Q

plasma cell

A 
b-lymphocyte in blood
make antibodies (sometimes see golgi bc they're working so hard)
large nucleus (clock face) --> heterochromatin
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20
Q

leukocytes

A
  • neutrophil
  • eosinophil
  • lymphocyte
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21
Q

adipocyte types

A

unilocular, multilocular

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22
Q

unilocular

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A

dynamic energy storage

white fat

23
Q

multilocular

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A

brown fat - for hibernation - in bears and such

hella mitochondria

24
Q

classifications of connective tissue

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A

connective tissue proper, specialised connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue

25
types of connective tissue proper
loose (areolar, mucous) | dense - regular (tendon, IEL) or irregular (everywhere)
26
types of specialised connective tissue
identification (classification): | reticular (loose), adipose (loose), elastic, hematopoietic, blood
27
what are the supporting connective tissues?
cartilage | bone
28
loose connective tissue
more nuclei than fibres | pale, pinkish colour
29
areolar connective tissue
loose connective tissue abundant but hard to see - fibres easily visible when ground substance removed diverse cell population: fibroblasts, lymphocytes, leukocytes
30
mucous connective tissue
``` loose spare cells (no leukocytes) more ground substance than fibres fibroblasts collagen, no elastin umbilical cord ```
31
reticular connective tissue - what type collagen? what class of connective tissue? characterise it. where is it found?
``` reticular fibres type 3 collagen specialised connective tissue loose connective tissue found in soft cellular tissues (lung/liver/lymphoid) ```
32
adipose connective tissue
each cell has single fat vacuole white fat energy storage
33
multilocular
each cell has many fat vacuoles shivering generate heat
34
dense irregular connective tissue
``` more fibres than ground substance more fibres than nuclei mostly collagen disorganized appearance, no pattern few cells - most are fibroblasts dermis of skin under most epi resists stress in multiple directions ```
35
dense regular connective tissue
more fibres than ground substance (nuclei) mostly collagen + elastin organization repetitiveness few cells - fibrocytes tendons, ligaments resists stress in 1 direction (fibres are oriented)
36
what are the cells in cartilage? what do they rest in?
chondrocytes; lacunae
37
what are the two matrices of cartilage? what relative colours do they each stain?
territorial - darker | interstitial - lighter
38
ground substance
no blood vessels or nerves | passive diffusion of nutrients limits size
39
fibers associated
collagen | elastin
40
hyaline cartilage
supportive, protective, growth - precursor of bone spare cells isogeneous groups are obvious dense irregular connective tissue
41
characterize hyaline cartilage
dense irregular connective tissue
42
identify a type of hyaline cartilage
perichondrium
43
elastic cartilage
supportive cells closely packed isogeneous groups NOT obvious dense irregular connective tissue
44
characterize elastic cartilage
dense irregular connective tissue
45
identify a type of elastic cartilage
perichondrium
46
perichondrium
consisting of elastic cartilage and hyaline
47
fibrocartilage
``` protective sparse cells isogeneous groups in ROWS red nuclei dense arrow of collagen fibers ALWAYS blue stain w red nuclei ```
48
connective tissue diseases
``` sarcoma Ehler's-Danlos Stickler's syndrome Marfans scurvy ```
49
sarcoma
occurs in people w AIDS, but rare otherwise
50
Ehler's-Danlos
collagen mutation
51
stickler's syndrome
causes cleft palate mutation
52
marfan's
mutations in fibrillin
53
scurvy
issue w collagen formation bc of no vitamin C in the body | bleed to death
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