BDS1 Tissues > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

What is the most abundant of the 4 tissue types?

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

What is meant by connective tissue having ‘diverse’ structure and functions?

A
  • Energy storage
  • Organ protection
  • Structural integrity
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3
Q

What are examples of connective tissue?

A
  • Bone
  • Cartilage
  • Tendons and ligaments
  • Adipose tissue
  • Mesentery
  • Layers under skin and around organs
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4
Q

What is the function of bone?

A

Structural integrity

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5
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A
  • Protects joints

- Structural integrity

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6
Q

What is the function of tendons and ligaments?

A
  • Connects muscles to bone

- Protects joints

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7
Q

What is the function of adipose tissue?

A

Fat storage

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8
Q

What is the function of mesentery?

A

Connects intestine to abdomen

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9
Q

What is the function of connective tissue layers under the skin and around organs?

A

Support

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10
Q

What are the 3 main components of connective tissues?

A
  • ECM:
  • Ground substance
  • Fibres
  • Cells
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11
Q

What is the function of ECM?

A

Provides structural and biochemical support for cells

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12
Q

What is ECM composed of

A

Ground substance and fibres

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13
Q

What is the function of ground substance?

A
  • Provides biochemical support
  • Profound water-binding ability
  • Provides tissue volume
  • Supports intercellular exchange of substances
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14
Q

What is the composition of ground substance?

A
  • Clear, semi-solid gel
  • Composed of glycoproteins and complex carbohydrates
  • hyaluronic acid
  • glucosamine
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15
Q

What do fibres in ECM do?

A

Provide structural support and tensile strength

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16
Q

What are the 2 main types of fibres in ECM?

A
  • Collagen (strongest and most abundant, provide tensile strength)
  • Elastin (long and branched, provide stretch and recoil ability)
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17
Q

How many types of collagen are there and what are the first 3 types?

A

28 different types

  • Type I: found in fibrous tissues (dermis of skin, tendons, ligaments, bone)
  • Type II: Hyaline cartilage
  • Type III: delicate branches ‘reticular’ network found in highly cellular organs (livers and LN’)
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18
Q

What is type 2 collagen tissue?

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A

Hyaline cartilage

19
Q

What is elastin secreted into the ECM by?

20
Q

What does elastin do?

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A

Confers elasticity to tissues

21
Q

Where is elastin found in large amounts in the body?

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A
  • Skin
  • Lungs
  • Blood vessels
  • Bladder
22
Q

What does xxxblasts mean?

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A

To build up/create/produce/synthesise

23
Q

What does xxxcytes mean?

24
Q

What does xxxclasts mean?

25
What are the most common tissue cell type?
Fibroblasts
26
What do fibroblasts do?
Secrete fibres and components of ground substance
27
What do chondrocytes do?
Secrete and maintain ECM in cartilage
28
What do osteoblasts and osteocytes do?
Secrete and maintain ECM in bone
29
Which tissues are highly vascularised?
Connective tissues - They contain blood vessels and lymphatic's - They contain immune cells which survey tissues for invading pathogens/cell damage The exception to this is cartilage
30
What is connective tissue proper?
- Broad category of diverse structure and functions - Loose or dense depending on arrangement of fibres - Generally connects tissues to each other, fills spaces between organs and provides metabolic support
31
What is loose connective tissue?
- Has much more ground substance and a relative lack of fibrous tissue
32
What is dense connective tissue?
- Has much more fibrous tissue and lack of ground substance
33
What is dense regular connective tissue?
Found in structures such as tendons and ligaments, is characterised by collagen fibres arranged in an orderly fashion, giving it tensile strength in one direction
34
What is dense irregular connective tissue?
Provides strength in multiple directions by its dense bundles of fibres arranged in all directions
35
What is areolar tissue?
- Loose connective tissue - Universal packing material - supports and binds other tissues - Found beneath the skin, submucosa, surrounding capillaries
36
What is adipose tissue?
- Loose connective tissue - Functions include - energy storage, shock absorption, insulation - Found deep beneath skin, breasts, in the abdomen, finger and foot pads
37
What is reticular tissue?
- Loose connective tissue - Delicate branched network (type III collagen) providing internal structure to highly cellular organs (liver, lymph nodes, spleen)
38
What is dense regular tissue?
- Dense connective tissue - Closely, packed collagen fibres running in same direction - Provides tensile strength - found in tendons and ligaments
39
What is dense irregular tissue?
- Closely, packed interwoven fibres running in different directions - Found in dermis of skin, forms protective capsule around organs
40
What is elastic tissue?
- Allows tissues to recoil after stretching | - Found in arteries, skin, lungs and underlying transitional epithelium
41
What is Scurvy caused by and what does it lead to?
- Caused by lack of vitamin C | - Leads to defective collagen formation which leads to loose teeth, skin haemorrhages and even death
42
What is Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa caused by and what does it lead to?
- Cause by defect in collagen VII, which anchors the epidermis to the dermis - Injuries lead to severe blistering of skin - patient often malnourished due to internal trauma of epithelial surfaces
43
What is systemic lupus Erythematosis caused by and what does it lead to?
- Autoimmune disease - antibodies target host tissues - Target tissues include skin, bones, tendons, kidneys - Oral symptoms include dryness and soreness - Oral manifestations include buccal and palatal lesions
44
What is Sjogren's cause by and what does it lead to?
- Autoimmune disease - affects glands that produce tears and saliva - Symptoms include dry eyes and mouth - Can occur independently or accompany other disorders, such as, SLE or rheumatoid arthritis - Oral manifestations include increased dental caries and candidiasis
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